210 Morten P. Porsild. 



tained by tracing the outlines of Mason's forms, after which they 

 were reduced in the process of reproduction. In all the figures the 

 subjoined scale denotes a length of one inch. 



Fig. 45, i is the definite ideal form, as it appears every- 

 where, wherever regular trade with the Eskimo is carried on. The 

 blade is broad lanceolate or has the shape of a double segment of a 

 circle and is in one piece with the stem, which is made as slender 

 as possible near the handle. The handle is made of wood or bone; 

 it is barrel-shaped, and almost cylindrical, but somewhat flattened 

 in vertical direction. The length of the handle is rather less than 

 that of the blade, and is adapted to the width of the hand; the 

 length of the stem is such, that the third finger can reach down and 

 press upon the upper edge of the blade, while the rest of the hand 

 grips the handle. 



Made in Denmark to sell in the shops in Greenland. 



Fig. 45, 2. Similar in form to the preceding. Bought on the 

 west coast by the East Greenlanders, before the colonisation, and 

 altered, part of the upper edge being removed to procure material 

 for the making of needles. East Greenland, Angmagsalik. After 

 G. Holm. 



Fig. 45, 3. East Greenland, Angmagsalik. After G. Holm. 

 The handle is of wood, and the blade of stone. The same shape is 

 found in Alaska and southwards. 



Fig. 45, 4 — 6. East Greenland, Angmagsalik. After G. Holm. 

 The blade {4 — 5 of hoop-iron and 6 of stone) is fastened to the 

 handle by two stems.With the exception that the blade is of in- 

 ferior make, this form is the one which, next to the ideal form, per- 

 mits greatest freedom of movement. 



Fig. 45, 7. Blade of sheet iron fastened to an ivory handle; 

 primitive form. West Greenland, Upernivik. 



Fig. 45, 8. North Greenland, Smith Sound. Blade of hoop-iron 

 fastened to a bone handle. Notice how the shape of the handle 

 causes a space to be left between the grip and the blade. 



Fig. 46, 9. West Greenland, Upernivik. Older form of European 

 workmanship, less finished than the ideal form. As the upper edge 

 of the blade is straight, the blade soon becomes, by wear, too nar- 

 row and short for handy use. 



Fig. 46, 10 — 11. Central Eskimo, Cumberland Sound. Forms 

 similar to the preceding, but the stem is rivetted to the blade; 

 much worn. 



Fig. 46, 12, 13. Central Eskimo, Belly Bay and Ingloolik. More 

 or less successful attempts to approach the ideal form. The blades 

 are of stone and sheet iron. Native workmanship. 



Fig. 46, 14. Mackenzie Eskimo, Anderson River. The blade is 



