The Material Culture of the Eskimo in West Greenland. 247 



square holes for sifting the snow from the berries. It is called kiligaut from 

 kiligarpâ (177), she scrapes berries in this way. As berry-gathering is no 

 longer of any great importance here, these implements are scarcely used much 

 nowadays ; they are, however, known to everybody. 



Thalbitzer summarizes on page 728 the provincialisms of the material 

 culture of the Angmagsalik district, whereby it differs from that of the West 

 Greenlanders, and mentions 39 objects in particular. It is seen, however, 

 that almost one half of these are, or were, also found on the west coast, 

 and future finds will probably bring others to light. Here I shall mention 

 those regarding which my information is certain. 



No. 2. Whip-lashes with ivory beads were, according to verbal inform- 

 ation received from Mr. Thron and the native manager of the trading place 

 Sarfanguaq, Mr. David Olsen, until a few years ago common in the district 

 of Holstensborg. 



No. 3. The whip-handle is also used in West Greenland as a brake 

 when going down long, and not too steep, hills. The reason why it is no 

 longer provided with a bone ferule for this purpose is that the handle is 

 now of little value ; it is however sometimes met with. 



No. 4. Boat-hooks of bone on wooden poles have been used here for 

 uiviaq's, and small tools for scraping the dirt out from between the skin of 

 the boat and its wooden frame are used even today. 



No. 6. The lance is frequently thrown with the throwing stick in West 

 Greenland ; and this is not quite a recent innovation. 



No. 13. Men's finger protectors (kuvdlorfik, from kuvdloq (193), thumb) 

 are used everywhere even today ; formerly, knee protectors (sêrqorut, from 

 serqoq (318), knee) were used everywhere, but these have gone out of use, 

 since the custom of sitting naked indoor ceased. 



No. 14. A thong smoother, of bone, pierced with many holes of various 

 kinds, is quite an indispensable tool, even for Europeans who themselves 

 drive dogs. Here also it is often made of the penis-bones of the large seals. 



No. 15. Narrow three-barred drying frames for rawhide lines and whips 

 are common here. They have a somewhat better form than those of the 

 Angmagsalikers, the three bars being held in position by slightly angular or 

 curved end pieces, which force the middle bar out of the plane of the other 

 two, and thus promote the drying process materially. Besides the drying 

 the intention is also that the wet line or whip-lash shall return to exactly 

 the same coils as when it was new. The coils are therefore laid very care- 

 fully so that the hairy side everywhere turns outwards. Then the line can 

 be replaced accurately in the line-rack, and run smoothly when the seal is 

 hit. And a whip, which is not carefully treated after it has got wet, soon 

 becomes useless. Here, the technical name of the implement is imussivik 

 from imuserpâ (98), he places a rawhide line in exact coils, while initsat 

 (100) is a more generic designation, which especially signifies the large drying 

 rack for clothes and foot wear. 



Four specimens of native workmanship which I have here before me 

 are each about 50 cm. in length. 



No. 16. Man's knives, see pp. 195 sqq. 



No. 20. Bone needles for stringing fish are used in W^est Greenland ; 

 but, certainly, I have not heard of their being used for caphns. 



No. 25. In a note (p. 753) the author mentions some examples from 

 West Greenland of ivory relief-work nailed on wood. I have also seen some, 

 and there has undoubtedly been much more formerly, but it is lost. 



