268 Morten P. Porsild. 



etc., London 1824, pag. CCIX): 'mascula a nobis nondiim visa et 

 nullibi, quantum scio, observata'", a sentence which, in spite of the newest 

 statements, seems to me in the main vahd to-day. 



Since Kerner in 1876 had proved, that cultivated specimens of 

 A. а/рша produced fruits under circumstances excluding fertihzation, and 

 JuEL in 1898 had shown by cytologicai investigations, the development 

 of the fruit to be apogam, no doubt can be left as to the right af A. alpina 

 to be looked upon as a distinct and apogamous species. 



We now know, that apogamy is often connected with polymorphy. 

 Cases of this kind are well known in the genera Alchimilla, Taraxacum 

 and Hieracium; reference may especially be made to the chapter on 

 "Apogamy and its Relation to Polymorphy" in Ostenfeld's paper 

 "Further Studies on the Apogamy and Hybridization of the Hieracia" 

 (Zeitschrift f. indukt. Abstamm. u. Vererbungslehre, III. 1910), where this 

 matter is treated very fully. 



A great number of North American species of the genus Antefinaria 

 have been described of late years (by Greene, Fernald, Rydberg, 

 Nelson and others); I have however had no access to these descriptions, 

 but have seen some dried specimens of the species in the collections of 

 the Botanical Museum at Copenhagen. Although the relationship be- 

 tween f. inst. A. dioeca and many of these species is evident, yet, they 

 differ much; and their great number might indicate, that the species is 

 polymorphous in North America. On the other hand the variations both 

 of A. dioeca and alpina in Europe and Asia, which have hitherto been 

 described, seem to be ecological forms only, neither constant nor bound 

 to any fixed geographical areas. 



A. carpathica, taken by Wahlenberg to be a distinct species, but 

 considered by Willdenow and others to belong to A. alpina, is however 

 an exception. In reality it is rather remote from this latter, and differs, 

 in addition to the generally stated characteristics, also f. inst. by its pappus. 



The species of Antennaria in Greenland have been determined by 

 J. Vahl, as follows: ''A. dioeca R.Br., 59°59'— 66°50', and A. alpina R. Br., 

 60°43'— 72°48"'. 



Of the latter Vahl had moreover observed a var. glabrata, published 

 by JoH. Lange in Flora Danica, tab. 2768, fig. 4, with the following 

 diagnosis: y, glabrata J. Vahl mscr., foliis utrinque viridibus. A some- 

 what fuller diagnosis is given in J. Lange "Conspectus Florae Groen- 

 landicae": "foliis utrinque viridibus, calathiis solitariis vel paucis, peri- 

 clinio glabriusculo''\ 



When, in 1857, Lange supplied a list of the plants of Greenland 

 to Rink's book "Grønland" II, he altered Vahl's A. dioeca to A. dioeca 

 var. hyperborea (Don), and since then all later authors, dealing with the 

 flora of Greenland, have used these names for the three forms. 



In the supplement to "Conspectus" (1887, pag. 225) Lange includes 



