Localities in which Pellagra is Prevalent. 25 



more slender, about half the length of the first; third seg- 

 ment very small and short, acute, one-tenth the length of 

 the second. Mandibles with an anteapical pair of hairs; 

 apical teeth strong, acute, black. Labium with a strong 

 central tooth, outside which on each are three small teeth, 

 the outer being largest; at each angle is a strong acute 

 tooth somewhat like the median one but not so large. 

 External margins slightly convex in outline or nearly 

 straight, a half dozen small appressed teeth are present just 

 external to the toothed angle. 



The pupa has not been collected by me. Dr. Jonannsen 

 says its case is boot-shaped. Nine filaments are borne on 

 each side of the thorax. 



The species is not of the same interest at present as the 

 others, because it is reputed not to sting, and can thus have 

 nothing to do with the eruption accompanying pellagra. 



Simulium meridionale (The Turkey Gnat). 



Quite recently I have collected larvae of a Simulium 

 from rapids in Benson Creek at Frankfort, that possess the 

 characters of this insect, but this material is so scanty that 

 I do not care to pronounce on it finally. The turkey gnat 

 is, however, distributed in the United States somewhat like 

 the buffalo gnat, and so probably occurs here. It is a well 

 known stinging species. In Insect Life for July, 1888 

 (Vol. 1, p. 14) is an interesting note from a correspondent 

 writing from Virginia to Professor Riley, in which it is 

 stated that these gnats destroy ' 'thousands of chickens and 

 turkeys yearly" and that it is called the cholera gnat 

 because its attacks cause symptoms resembling those of 

 chicken cholera. Gobblers and roosters are" killed first 

 because the wattles and combs afford an exposed region 

 peculiarly open to attack. 



The male, according to Riley, is from 1.5 to 2 mm. in 

 length, the eyes meeting above, where the facets are coarser 

 and of a brilliant coppery luster, those on the ventral side 

 smaller and black. Thorax dense black with bluish luster, 

 ventral side grayish. Legs reddish with black tarsi. Abdo- 



