Localities in which Pellagra is Prevalent. J^O 



Case- fly No. 2.—K second case collected is cylindrical 

 and covered with elongate bits of woody material, some of 

 it obliquely placed. Rougher than No. 1, and thicker. Both 

 apertures closed, and thus probably contains a pupa. Large 

 aperture with a grating, and with sand grains attached about 

 it. The opposite end has a small aperture with three rounded 

 extensions. Length of case 16.5 mm.; diameter at smaller 

 end 3.4 mm. ; at larger end 3.9 mm. 



Case-fly Larva No. 5.— Case spiral, covered with grains 

 of sand firmly glued together and making a hard tough 

 structure. Diameter 4, depth 2 mm. Convex above, with a 

 small, deep, round central cavity below. Whorls three, sep- 

 arated by a slight groove. Aperture wide, the head kept 

 just within, the legs more or less projecting. Taken from 

 rocks in very rapid water in Clear Creek, Pineville August 31. 

 Larvae were removed from these cases with some difficulty. 

 The body is curved to fit the case, and clings by hooks at 

 the posterior end. The case itself, as already noted, is ex- 

 tremely tough and hard, so that one is likely to damage the 

 insect before it can be removed. 



Larva pure white in general, the head brownish black, 

 with a pallid area about the eye speck on each side. With 

 erect black hairs. Jaws acute, black; other mouth-parts 

 largely pallid and protruding. Throat white, with several 

 brown dots on each side. Thoracic divisions with erect 

 hairs; first division of thorax with black shield; second and 

 third with some black above, on sides, and about the bases 

 of legs, Legs of moderate length, those of the third pair 

 longest, projecting forward before the head. Tarsal claw 

 strongly curved. First abdominal division with an elongate 

 prominence above. All the abdominal divisions smooth, with 

 delicate respiratory appendages on some of the anterior 

 somites. A pair of brown claws on the ventral side of the 

 last division of the body. See Fig. 41. 



This interesting species is widely distributed in Eastern 

 Kentucky and can probably be found in most of our small 

 streams. It was collected by me in a rocky stream in a 

 meadow at Lexington, August 5, 1889, when the cases were 



