10 Bulletin No. 159 



requirements of Simulium larvae, judging by what I had 

 seen of them at other times and in other places. The 

 numerous springs, however, send into it a good deal of cool 

 and rather pure water at all times, and no doubt in the 

 spring of the year its quality is much better because of the 

 larger quantities present and the consequent dilution and 

 rapid carrying away of sewage. The bed of the stream was 

 cut in places through a conglomerate and red sandstone, 

 and large fragments of this rock cumbered the channel 

 and produced rapids. In the creeks the same conditions 

 prevailed on a smaller scale. My photographs will convey 

 a fuller idea of their character. (See Figures 59 to 63» 

 inclusive.) The banks of the streams support a growth 

 more or less thick, of willow and other deciduous trees. On 

 the slopes, trees, though small, become more numerous and 

 occur in greater variety. Where the valleys widen out are 

 tracts of bottom land, generally planted in corn, which is 

 the most important agricultural crop of the valleys. 



The region is one of great natural beauty and attractive- 

 ness. The wooded slopes of mountains rise abruptly from 

 the valleys and river beds, presenting constantly changing 

 effects in light from both sun and moon, effects often en- 

 hanced by floating wisps of cloud about the peaks and 

 slopes. The landscape of other parts of Kentucky may be 

 in its own fashion as beautiful as this, but as a type of 

 beauty the Cumberland mountain region stands unique in 

 the State. 



It is unfortunate that a section calculated naturally to 

 be so healthful and attractive, should be permitted to 

 become a center for the spread of so dangerous a disease as 

 pellagra. The State Board of Health has shown commenda- 

 ble forethought and enterprise in taking hold of the matter 

 at once, and making an effort to arrest its further spread. 



Yet it should be known by the people of Kentucky that 

 pellagra is no longer restricted to the mountain counties. 

 Through the kindness of Dr. F. H. Clarke of Lexington and 

 the authorities of the Eastern Kentucky Asylum for the 

 Insane, I have been able to learn the distribution of the 



