BULLETIN NO. 32, MARCH, 1895. 



99 



in Mr. iroward'.s puper already referred to, would indicate tliat 

 there are no very exact limitations between the various generations or 

 broods of this insect, and that there may be some live annual generations 

 in the latitude of Washingtoji, each generation occupying on the average 

 some forty days. The females hibernate in various stages of development 

 but mostly as mature and impregnated females, since the male does 

 not hibernate. The species is viviparous, i. e., the young are Ixn-n alive. This 

 has been made quite clear ])y the observations in the East and especially 



at Washington, though some writ- 

 ers have stated that eggs are pro- 

 duced. It is quite probable that 

 both statements may be based on 

 facts, and that there may be vari- 

 ation in this respect according to 

 season, locality or conditions. 

 One thing however, is clearly de- 

 termined, viz. that the species 

 may be viviparous throughout the 

 yeai-. 



The large number of genera- 

 tions is exceptional though there 

 is some compensation in that the 

 individual is less prolific than in 

 those species which produce fewer 

 or but one annual generation. 

 The individuals Avhich have hi- 

 FiG. 5-San Jose Scale : c, adult female coutain-ljernated acquire full development 

 ing young-greatly enlarged : d, anna} ^^^^^ ^ -^^ ^^ produce young by 

 fringe of same— still more enlarged.— *=• '■ , " ^ 



(from Insect Life.) the end of May or the first of June 



and from this time on there is a succession of generations. As in almost 

 all other species of scale-insects the male scales, produced most in Sum- 

 mer, are, for the most part, formed on the leaves and show a tendency to 

 gather along the midrib on the upper side. 



The matter of most practical importance in the life history of the 

 species is that // coiUinui's inultiplication from the beginning of June until 

 late in the Autumn, or until Winter weather has fairly set in, and that dur- 

 ing this time there is praetieally no period tvhen the inseet will not oeeur in 

 almost every condition. 



