96 



MARYLAND AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 



iudividtials, but by systematic ajid concerted action of communities in 

 the State, made obligatory, if need be, by proper legislation. As prelimi- 

 nary, a pretty thorough entomological exploration of the State would be 

 advisable, and, in the meantime, the information conveyed in this bulle- 

 tin, if widely disseminated, with that which has already gone out from 

 the National Department of Agriculture, may help to produce the desired 

 results. 



LIFE HISTORY OF THE SPECIES. 



In order not to repeat too much in detail the phases of development 

 common to this and other species of Scale-insects which belong to the 

 same sub-family, viz : the Diaspinae, or Armored-scales, it may be well, in 

 this connection, to state a few characteristics which belong to almost all 

 of them. This sub-family includes many of our worst scale-insects, like 

 the Eed Scale of the Orange in California {AspidioUis aurantii) the 



Scurvy Scale of the apple {CJiion- 

 aspis furfiiriis), the Oyster-Shell 





Bark Louse of the apple (Mjfi'/as- 

 pis pomonim) and many others. 

 The young or newly hatched in- 

 dividuals are almost microscopic 

 creatures of m hite or pale yellow 

 color, with body of ovoid form, 

 flattened, with six legs, two short 

 feelers having a varying number 

 of joints, l)ut rarely more than 

 eight, and with two filamentous 

 hairs at the end of the body. 

 They are active but a brief period, 

 sometimes but a few hours or even 

 minutes, rarely more than a day 

 or two and settle upon the bark 



Fig. 3.-san Jose Scale: a, young larva-greatiy near where they are born if there 

 enlarged: b, antenna of same— stUl more . , . . 



eniarged.-(from imttt Life.) IS a cliaiice and it IS not already 



too thickly covered Avith the jiarent scales. A long thread-like proboscis 

 is gradually thrust under the epidermis and the insect becomes fixed and a 

 flocculent waxy secretion begins to cover it. This increases until the larva 

 underneath molts. The first larval skin becomes part of the secretion or 

 shield and is known as the larval scale and the insect under it after this 

 first molt loses its legs and feelers. The covering still further increases, 



