BULLETIN NO. 32, MARCH, 1895. 89 



remedies just mentioned are so cheap and effective, that no excuse can be 

 tolerated for a seriously infested orchard. He further states that a 

 Chalcid '^^{Aphelinus fuscipenim Howard) had been found doing such ef- 

 fective work in subduing the species in an orchard in the neighborhood 

 of Los Angeles, that a complete restoration of the orchard was confidently 

 expected. 



In Bulletin 2(;, of this Division, Mr. Co<iuil]ett, in his report of the 

 scale-insects of California, devotes four pages to this species. He states 

 that its origin is uncertain, but that the fact of its being so frequently 

 found upon plants imported from Japan w^ould seem to point to that 

 country as its original home. He states that the species never attacks 

 citrus or coniferous trees, and that the LeC^onte pear, when growing in 

 the midst of other varieties of pear, is almost exempt. The twice-stabbed 

 ladybird {Chilocorus bivulnerus) is mentioned as being the most abundant 

 and efficacious enemy of the scale, although Mr. Coqnillett has never 

 known an instance where even one single tree has been entirely or very 

 nearly freed from the scales by the Avork of this beetle. The article 

 concludes wdth a series of experiments with washes. The result of these 

 experiments was that the resin and caustic soda wash recommended by 

 Mr. Coquillett, in Bulletin 28, of the Division, was found to be superior 

 to the others. This wash is to be applied only during the dormant 

 season, and consists of thirty pounds of resin, nine pounds of seventy 

 per cent, caustic soda, four and a-half. pints of fish oil, and water to 

 make one hundred gallons. 



Mr. Coquillett's testimony as to the good offices of Chilocorus bivnl' 

 ncriis, coincides with that of other observers, but a surprising instance, 

 Avhich indicates that the species may occasionally prove effective, was 

 mentioned in The California Fruit Grower, in 1S1»2. It was there stated 

 that Mr. N. W. ]^Iotheral, procured a number of these l)eetles in 8an 

 Diego county, (date not given) and placed them in some orchards in 

 Tulare county, which were badlv infested with the scale. They did not 

 appear to multiply greatly nntirthe spring of 181)2, when immense num- 

 bers appeared simultaneously and completely cleared the orchards of the 

 county of the scale. 



An interesting ladyl)ird of the genus Scymnus was found m 1892, by 

 Dr. Blaisdell, preying upon the San Jose scale at the Coronado parks, 

 near San Diego. This species was described by Dr. Blaisdell, as Scymnus 

 lophanthae n.\'p., but is one of the species imported by Mr. Koebele. from 

 Australia, and has not proved very effective in destroying the Aspidio'us. 



In the September, 1892, number of the Agricultural Gazette, of New 

 South Wales, Ux. A. Sidney Olliff, reported the receipt of a typical series 

 of Aspidiotus perniciosus on 'the fruit, leaves, and twigs of pear from West 

 Maitland, New South Wales. Mr. Olliff further stated that although 

 this species had not previously been recorded as occurring in Australia, 

 it had been known to some fruit-growers for a number of years. 



In an important paper read by :\Ir. Alexander Craw, before the State 

 Horticultural Society, of California, December, 1892, the San Jose scale 

 is stated to be unquestionably of foreign origin, and it is further sur- 



