88 MAEYLAND AGRICULTUKAL EXPERIMENT STATIOIST. 



trees, many trees dying- from the effects. The remedies recommended 

 were one pound of concentrated lye to a gallon of water, and six pounds 

 of caustic soda to tAvelve ounces of potash, and eight gallons of water. 

 These remedies were to be applied only at the dormant seasons. While 

 the tree is in leaf: one pound of whale-oil soap, one-third of a pound of 

 sulphur, and an ounce and a half of lye or caustic soda to a gallon of 

 Avater w^as recommended. 



In 1894 the late Dr. S. F. Chapin, in his biennial report as State 

 Inspector of fruit pests, mentioned the San Jose scale, but stated that in 

 Santa Clara County, where it first appeared, there had been a most gratify- 

 ing decrease in its numbers, and in the destructive effects following its 

 presence, both results having l)een brought about by the intelligent and 

 well directed efforts of the fruit-growers. He stated that the scale had 

 been' found at that time in many different localities in the State, but had 

 not caused any great decrease in orchard i)roducts. He urged that the 

 j)est should be watched and treated in its incipiency. 



In the biennial report of the State Board of Horticulture of Cali- 

 fornia for 1885-'86, the late W. G. Klee, then State Inspector of fruit 

 pests, published a short account of the insect, illustrating its character- 

 istic appearance upon twig, leaf and fruit. Mr. Klee stated that the in- 

 sect has three distinct broods — one in June, one in August, and one in 

 October; but that these broods overlap, and ia conse(juence the summer 

 washes are not thorough remedies unless frequently repeated. He there- 

 fore recommended winter treatment, consisting of the cutting back and 

 thorough thinning of all trees above twenty feet in height, together with 

 thorough scrubl)ing of the rough bark of the old trees, and the applica- 

 tion of one-half pound of concenti-ated lye. one-half pound of commercial 

 potash, and five (juarts of water. 



In the Proceedings of the Eighth Fruit-Growers' Convention, pub- 

 lished in the report of the State Hoard of Horticulture for ISSV-'SS. Prof. 

 C. H. Dwinelle, is said to have n-ported the most perfect success in fight- 

 ing the San Jose scale in Sonoma County, Cal. A seriously infested or- 

 chard was treated with absolutely complete success by means of a wash 

 composed of one-half pound of commercial potash, one-half pound of 

 caustic soda, and five quarts of water. This was applied when the trees 

 were in a dormant condition. 



In the report of the same Board for l!S8i», a reprint is given of Com- 

 stock's description in an article upon scale-insects and remedies. Several 

 formula^ for summer and Avinter washes are given, the most successful of 

 which, and the one which has come into most general use, being the so- 

 called lime-sulphur- salt Avash. This Avash consists of forty pounds 

 of unslaked lime, twenty pounds of sulphur, fifteen pounds of 

 rock salt, and Avater to make sixty gallons. The summer washes com- 

 prise potash and caustic soda, and whale-oil soap and sulphur, Avith a slight 

 admixtur^ of caustic soda and potash. In the report of the Board for 

 1S91, Mr. Alexander CraAv published an article entitled "insect pests and 

 their extermination," in Avhich he briefly discusses this species. He con- 

 siders it to be a very serious pest of deciduous trees, but states that the 



