BULLETIN NUMBER 23, DECEMBER, 1893. 





1' 1 



Fig. 18.— Sapo da caifdicla. «, piece of apple liranch shovMngr hcai made in ovipobitmn 

 and hole of exit ol beetle, ft, /, hecnonof banie tuioii^h line a, t, t, section of bdlk,sllo^^ ins 

 slit and egg natural size; d, egg enlarged; y, showing pupa, witu packing between it 

 and bark. 



This is a summary of its larval habit, based upon the observations 

 of Dr. Asa Fitch, who gave the subject perhaps more close attention than 

 any other previous or subsequent Avriter. The actual length of the larval 

 life, has, so far as I know, not been proved by any consecutive following 

 of any one individual larva, and there is room here for further experi- 

 mentation and observation. 



This species affects more particularly the base of the tree, and ne- 

 glected trees, (particularly those where the grass has been allowed to 

 grow up to the base), suffer most. 



The Flat-headed Borer, {ChrysobotJiris femorata,) is the larva of a 

 beetle entirely different in appearance. The shape of this 

 last is indicated in the figure, (Fig. 19), and its color is 

 greenish black, with brassy lines and spots above, instead of 

 being copper color. While the Saperda is essentially noc- 

 turnal, this Clirysobothris is diurnal, being found flying 

 about in the hot sunlight. The female lays her eggs under 

 bark scales and in the cracks and crevices of the trunk of 

 Fig. 19. -™'^i^y different kinds of trees, including the ash, beech, elm, 

 Cftrysoftnth r is niaple, oak, peach, etc., as well as the apple. The eggs are 

 ago. ' 'yellow, irregularly ribbed, and less than a millimetre in 

 length. The larva hatching from this ^gg, is at once distinguished from 

 that of tlie Kound-headed Borer, by its flattened form and by its 

 mVy<w.^ broad flattened head, from which feature it derives its 

 popular name, (Fig. 20). It feeds upon the sap wood 

 during most of the summer, and there excavates broad, 

 rather flat channels, a single individual sometimes com- 

 pletely girdling a small tree. Upon approaching full 

 growth it usually eats into the more solid wood and works 

 oh(Ahrfs^Umamlay'^^ ^*^ ^^^® bark, when ready to transform to the pupa 

 larva. ' state. The pupa stage lasts about three weeks, when the 



