i62 N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 348 



bottles, bark, tin cans, jars, tubs, buckets, cesspools, cisterns, roofs, 

 roof gutters and valleys, ground pools, edges and eddies of streams, 

 and, in fact, in any place capable of holding water. Breeding places, 

 on the basis of their persistence, may invariably be divided into tem- 

 porary and permanent. 



The third problem is the extent to which one part of the area may 

 be influenced by mosquito flights from other parts, and the extent to 

 which the area may be influenced by mosquito flights originating 

 from breeding which occurs entirely outside its limits. The princi- 

 pal salt-marsh species with favoring weather conditions can cover 

 from 30 to 60 miles. The fresh-water swamp mosquito under 

 extremely heavy breeding conditions have been known to migrate 10 

 miles and the house mosquito 2.5 miles. The blood hunger and 

 the instinct to lay eggs appear to be the actuating courses of move- 

 ment, but the conditions and geography appear to exert modifying 

 influences. 



The fourth problem is one of making a survey of the mosquito 

 conditions in and adjacent to the territory selected for protection. 

 This involves the location of all permanent breeding places, as nearly 

 all temporary breeding places as possible, the determining of the 

 danger and the source of possible invasions of mosquitoes from 

 breeding grounds outside the area, and the preparation of plans and 

 estimates for efficient control work. These plans and estimates 

 should include adequate temporary work to aflford immediate relief 

 and such an amount of permanent work as will in a period of a few 

 years leave nothing but a minimum of maintenance to continue the 

 protection. Unless the territory is very large, such a survey usually 

 costs only a few hundred dollars and can ordinarily be financed by 

 state or local organizations. 



The fifth problem is one of financing the work. The charge should 

 very properly be borne by the people receiving the benefit. In order 

 that they may be willing to do so, a campaign of education must be 

 undertaken. Lectures must be given; newspaper and magazine ar- 

 ticles must be prepared. Local committees to push this work in 

 every community should be formed, and will be found exceedingly 

 helpful. The cost of such a campaign is usually small and can or- 

 dinarily be financed with local funds. 



The sixth problem is the creation of an effective organization to 

 carry out the work of mosquito control. This involves the establish- 

 ment of an agency which is fitted to command public confidence, has 

 an expert knowledge of mosquito problems and is furnished with a 



