36 College of Forestry 
cally a trunk-inhabiting form and is probably found in the 
limbs only when crowded out of other regions of the tree or 
when more suitable breeding places are lacking. 
The cerambycids bred from limbs and tops in the order 
of the number of each obtained are Pogonocherus mixtus, 
Neoclytus longipes and Leptostylus sex-guttatus. These are 
all three two-year forms. Another species which is almost 
certain to breed in larch tops is Monohammus scutellatus, 
although none were actually taken.: In pine, spruce, and 
balsam this sawyer breeds in all parts of the tree from the 
base to hmbs an inch in diameter, and it doubtless will on 
occasion breed in larch limbs as well as in larch trunks. 
Of the ten borers actually bred from thin-barked larch, 
five are buprestids. These are Melanophila fulvoguttata, 
Anthaxia quercata, Chrysobothris sex-signata, C. dentipes, 
and C. blanchardi. Of these only one species, M. fulvogut- 
tata, was bred from any other region of the tree. All of 
these forms live for two seasons as larvee under the bark, 
but groove both bark and sapwood. They enter the wood 
only to pupate at the completion of their larval growth. 
Associated with these borers are the predator Phyllobae- 
nus dislocatus and various parasites. P. dislocatus doubtless 
invades principally the burrows of the bark beetles P. rufi- 
pennis and H. piceae, but both larvee and adults have been 
found in the burrows of cerambycids and buprestids. The 
parasites Spathius tomici, [Heterospilus sp., and Chetro- 
pachus, which are probably parasitic upon one or both of 
these bark beetles were bred from cages containing limbs and 
_ tops and emerged at approximately the same time as their 
supposed hosts. 
Three other parasites of a somewhat larger size were 
obtained from this material, namely — Odontaulacus bilo- 
batus Proy., Atoreutus astigmus Ashm., and Phasgonophora 
sp. These are not only larger in size but also emerged a 
season later than did the bark beetles and the other parasites 
mentioned. Therefore it is believed that these are parasitic 
upon the larger sized species (flatheads and roundheads) 
listed above. It has been impossible to assign these to their 
