60 College of Forestry 
invariably attacks the lower portion of the tree, even extend- 
ing its galleries several inches below ground in extreme 
cases (Hopkins, 1899, p. 252). In the larch studied the 
insects were found under the thin bark of one of the larger 
roots that was free of the soil for a short distance. No defi- 
nite pattern was noticed in the burrows, however, only a very 
few specimens were taken and the material upon which to 
base any opinion regarding the engravings was quite 
insufficient. 
In the Adirondack and Catskill regions this species is one 
of those most often found breeding in the stumps and trunks 
of felled spruce and white pine. Immense numbers are 
found in spruce, especially where this is of a size having 
thin bark and where it is on or near the ground. Skidway 
timbers and other similar structures near the ground are 
very often infested. Other bark beetles often found asso- 
ciated in spruce and pine are P. rufipennis, [ps pint, Ips 
celatus, Pityogenes punctipennis, Hylurgops pinifex, and 
Dryocoetes affaber. Adults have been taken by the senior 
author from their old burrows in the bark at various times 
from September to July. New colonies are established dur- 
ing June and early July in the Canadian Zone regions of 
New York. 
Only a few insects were found actually associated with 
D. americanus in larch, doubtless because the only larch 
found infested was an exposed dead root of a living tree 
which on account of its size did not offer breeding facilities 
for many insects. Leptura vittata was bred from the same 
material, some of the adults of this two-year form emerging 
the same year and some the year following the emergence of 
the D. americanus. The larva of an unidentified elaterid, 
possibly predaceous, was taken and a fly Phorbia fusciceps 
Zett. was bred from this material, while a small portion of 
exposed and decaying wood yielded adults of the weevil 
Dryophthorus americanus. 
