80 College of Forestry 
Associated borers, predators and parasites are the same as 
for Leptostylus sex-guttatus (see page 75), with the excep- 
tion of Phymatodes dimidiatus. 
Melanophila fulvoguttata Hare. 
Melanophila fulvoguttata is distributed throughout eastern 
Canada and United States from Labrador (Sherman, 1910, 
pp. 193) to North Carolina (Blanchard, 1889, pp. 193) 
and is common as far west as the Lake Superior region 
(LeConte, 1859). The host trees most commonly attact are 
the hemlock and spruce, of both of which this species is a 
serious enemy. In addition Harris (1862, p. 50) records 
having taken the adults from the trunks of white pine during 
June. It was bred by us, both from the branches and the 
trunk of larch and has,been taken by the senior author from 
both hemlock and red spruce in the Cranberry Lake region 
of New York. 
M. fulvoguttata deposits its eggs in the bark of the trunk 
and limbs of weakened, dying or dead hemlock, spruce or 
larch. It may also breed in balsam fir and white pine, but 
no definite data is at hand to prove this. The larval mines 
of this flat-headed borer are rather wide, shallow and wind- 
ing in their course, and where the larvee are numerous, as is 
very often the case in dying hemlock or spruce, these larval 
burrows cross and recross each other, making it difficult or 
impossible to follow the course of any particular one. Two 
years are required for the completion of the life history. 
The adults emerge at any time during the summer, having 
been taken by the senior author in the Adirondacks at various 
times between June 15 and September 1. 
M. fulvoguttata may occur under the bark of any part of 
the tree from the base of the trunk to limbs an inch in diam- 
eter. It may therefore be associated with any of the boring 
insects attacking the same tree. In our work it was found 
actually associated in the trunk region with Dendroctonus 
simplex, Polygraphus rufipennis and Asemum moestum ; and 
in the limbs and tops was bred from the same material as 
P. rufipennis, Eccoptogaster picee, Leptostylus sex-quttatus, 
