: 
Yellow Birch and the Adirondack Forest 35) 
Influence of Type on Natural Reproduction of Burned Areas: 
The marginal line between spruce flat and hardwood areas 
can often be traced as the lower line of hardwood reproduction, 
and examination of soil cover shows a deep, dry humus on the 
lower type. Aspen and fire cherry, with some sprout soft maple, 
are the first forest cover of the spruce flat type, except on 
approach to unburned swamps, where balsam establishes itself 
on the wetter parts. 
Heavily burned swamps are very slow in recovery when 
remote from standing swamp timber areas, and soft maple dis- 
places some of the original spruce and balsam. 
Range of Effective Seed Distribution: 
The study of the burned area on the College forest was made 
with the intention of determining the range of effective seeding, 
but the results showed other factors that Sande conclusions dif- 
ficult. Isolated seed trees, change of type with dry humus 
cover, and most important, sprouting from young fire-killed 
seedlings which were established by trees now dead, all tend to 
confuse the original purpose. 
Dense Sandie of young hardwoods extend out for ten chains, 
in some instances, froie the belt of live timber, yellow birch 
reaching the farthest of the tolerant hardwoods. This is prob- 
ably the outer limit of effective seeding unless very favorable 
conditions of grade, wind, and surface prevail. 
Growti or Harpwoops 
In addition to determining the average number of young trees 
per acre for the important types and condi eae a comparative 
study of growth was made to determine their natural competi- 
tion. Even aged stands along the edge of the land burned in 
1903 were selected, the dominant trees of the stand were cut, 
and complete stem analysis made. While all trees were taken 
at random, all species were taken from the same local area to 
get a fair comparison. The exception to this is fire cherry, 
which does not grow in mixture with tolerant hardwoods, and 
represents a drier site than that occupied by the other species. 
All grew on hardwood type of land and in dense stand, so that 
