Fig. 10. Dissection of a sphagnum-shrub (Cassandra) mound. The 
sphagnum is chiefly S. recurvum in such mounds. Its rapid upward 
growth among the shrub branches induces a sort of layering resulting in 
an expanding shrub colony. The sand bed is seen below. The shrub roots 
do not penetrate this. 
Fig. 11. The heavy sphagnum-shrub blanket has been torn away 
revealing the fire scarred stump of a black spruce-remnant of a bog conifer 
forest which was destroyed by fire. 
