Handles 95 
There is much waste in some branches of this industry, espe- 
cially the manufacturing of handle stock from bolts. The 
public has always demanded an ivory-white axe handle to the 
exclusion of all heartwood. Specifications calling for all clear 
sapwood results in extreme waste. Exhaustive experiments 
conducted by the United States Forest Service have shown red 
hickory to be just as strong, weight for weight, as white hickory 
and highly suitable when of proper density for all types of 
hickory handles. Specifications that cover this point and also 
the inspection of hickory handles on the basis of rate of growth 
have been prepared by the Forest Service, and have been 
adopted by the War and Navy Departments, the Panama 
Canal Commission, and several of the leading railroads. On 
the other hand, some lumber mills in this State are manufac- 
turing handles from stock which would otherwise go to the slab 
pile. The handle industry offers excellent opportunities for 
the utilization of small waste pieces. 
REFRIGERATORS AND KircHEN CABINETS 
This industry includes ice chests, kitchen cabinets, kitchen 
safes, dumb-waiters, kitchen counters, ice-cream freezers, and 
refrigerators. Seventeen species are reported and the consump- 
tion amounts to nearly 12,000,000 fect. Five species, chestnut, 
white oak, red oak, spruce and white pine, contribute over 80 
per cent of the raw material. 
Table 19 is designed to cover that class of articles used in 
the storage and preparation of foodstuffs for cooking, except- 
ing the woodenware articles such as tables and spoons. Much 
of the wooden material used in refrigerators and kitchen 
cabinets and similar receptacles for food must be free from 
stain and odor. In addition to these qualities, especially for 
such uses as inside parts of refrigerators, woods must stand 
dampness and must scour well and give effective service where 
constant washing is necessary. Thus woods of quite different 
qualities are consumed in the production of these articles. 
A large percentage of all the lumber used goes into re- | 
frigerators. Here, especially for outer parts, the combination 
