98 Discussion of Industries 
sash partitions, and other articles made to order for a par- 
ticular room and not to be used elsewhere. The fixtures occupy 
a middle place between furniture and interior finish. The 
latter, when put in place, is permanent and becomes part of 
the building; fixtures may be moved with more or less remodel- 
ing. Still another industry, ‘ General Millwork” overlaps 
‘“ Fixtures,” because many woodworking establishments have 
included special orders for cheap fixtures in their reports of 
annual consumption for “ General Millwork.” 
White oak leads all other species in quantity. Under 
ordinary market conditions oak is one of the most expensive 
woods, its cost being exceeded only by the cost of black walnut 
and imported woods such as mahogany, Circassian walnut, and 
rosewood. Yellow poplar occupies second place and its work- 
ableness and smooth, even grain and texture recommend it for 
backing, shelving, drawers, counters and interior parts of 
store fixtures. Chestnut is used along with many other 
cheaper woods for interior frames, shelving, and cores for 
veneer panels, forming the middle sheets upon which high- 
grade veneer woods are glued. It is also used for blackboards, 
mission fixtures, and telephone booths. 
Fixtures consume many of the high-grade woods in the form 
of veneer, the broad panels of show cases and tops of many 
articles calling for veneers from white oak, red oak, black 
cherry, mahogany, red gum, black walnut, Circassian walnut, 
and rosewood for use as outside finish. Sugar maple is used 
in every way for the exterior parts of store and office fixtures, 
but by far the larger items are reported for the production of 
church and school furniture. Birch and cherry are used largely 
for cabinet work in connection with wall fixtures, but a con- 
siderable amount goes into solid parts in imitation of 
mahogany. Red gum occupies the same position, in imitation 
of Circassian walnut. 
Much of the Circassian walnut used in New York comes 
from the shores of the Black Sea. Its high price of $800: per 
thousand feet limits its use to the very finest fixture, furniture, 
and cabinet work, and it was naturally difficult to obtain dur- 
