EATON — BIRDS OF AVESTERN NEAV YORK. 3 



sentatives of this fauna as the king rail, worm- eating warbler, yellow- 

 breasted chat, Carolina wren and blue-gray gnatcatcher are known to 

 breed occasionally ; while the red-bellied woodpecker, green-crested 

 flycatcher, orchard oriole, rough-winged swallow, Louisiana water 

 thrush, hooded warbler and cerulean warbler breed more or less com- 

 monly in the central lake region, and in the western counties. 



To the Boreal fauna belongs a large number of our transient 

 and winter visitants. Many of the Boreal species breed with us 

 occasionally, as is the case with the American merganser, blue-winged 

 teal, Wilson's snipe, yellow-bellied flycatcher, winter wren, brown 

 creeper, red-breasted nuthatch, hermit thrush, and olive-backed 

 thrush. In the hilly regions of the south, especially at Springville, 

 Olean and Branchport, as well as in some of the colder swamps, several 

 of the Boreal birds are quite common breeders, among them the 

 Canadian, mourning, Blackburnian, magnolia and black-throated blue 

 warblers. The junco is also a common breeder at Springville, Olean, 

 Naples, and in most of the hilly regions toward the south. In many 

 localities the boreal and the Carolinian forms may be found breeding 

 side by side. At Springville, for example, the hooded warbler and 

 the red-bellied woodpecker breed in the same wood with the junco and 

 the Blackburnian, black-throated blue, Canadian and mourning war- 

 blers. On Cananadaigua Lake the rough-winged swallow, Louisiana 

 water thrush and Canadian warbler breed in close proximity with the 

 generally distributed scarlet tanager, wood pewee and crested 

 flycatcher. 



Season of Occurrence. 



The birds have been grouped according to the time of their 

 occurrence, as residents, or those species which are with us throughout 

 the year, like the great horned owl, ruffed grouse and downy wood- 

 pecker; summer residents, or those which come to us in the spring, 

 raise their young, and depart in the fall, as the red-winged blackbird, 

 vesper sparrow and yellow warbler ; transient visitants, or those which 

 make a short stay with us in the spring and fall, on their way to and 

 from their breeding grounds which lie mostly to the north, such as 

 the golden plover, ruby-crowned kinglet and myrtle warbler ; winter 

 visitants, which are boreal or arctic species that spend a portion of 

 the colder season with us, returning to their northern home on the 

 approach of spring, e. g. , the snowflake, tree sparrow, pine grosbeak ; 

 summer visitants, or southern species, which appear for a short time 

 during the heat of summer, but are not known to breed in this region, 

 e. g. , the American egret, glossy ibis and summer tanager. 



