BEDROCK 



to know that the pattern of PI. alcinoe, taken at a height of 4,000 feet 

 at Entebbe, is the same as that of the species at Mr. Lamborn's, 

 locality seventy miles east of Lagos, a few feet above sea-level. 

 The same is true of the male A. alciope, as may be seen by comparing 

 Figs. 4 and 8. 



The Model of the female alciope at Entebbe (Fig. 7) is found in 

 the male of a dominant species of Planema — PI. macarista (Fig. 6), 

 aided by both sexes of PI. poggei. 



The female of PI. macarista (Fig. 5) bears a black-and-white 

 pattern very like that of the female alcinoe (Fig. 1), but its male 

 (Fig. 6), together with both sexes of PI. poggei, exhibits the effective 

 combination of a fulvous bar crossing the fore wing with a white 

 bar crossing the hind. They are thus far more striking insects than 

 the male of PI. alcinoe. The dominance of this pattern is well 

 shown in Mr. Wiggins' series ; for in the period already defined, 

 eighty-one males of macarista, eleven males and one female of poggei 

 were taken in thirty-four days, while thirty-nine females of macarista 

 were captured in thirty days. It is clear, from the details of the 

 colouring and pattern, and from its relative abundance, that the 

 male PI. macarista is the principal Model of the female A. alciope. 



As regards the interpretation, the records in the eastern part of 

 the range confirm those in the western. Fifty-two females of alciope, 

 of which, however, three were without the white bar (Fig. 12), to 

 eighty-one of the male macarista, is an immense proportion for a 

 Mimic to bear to its Model, and even if we add the twelve PL 

 poggei, and deduct the three alciope females, the ratio is still well 

 over 52 per cent. Such a proportion, the average of thirty-four days 

 spread over three months, and supported by unpublished records of 

 a far longer period, is quite inconsistent with the Batesian hypothesis 

 as propounded by its founder. 



The female and male alciope, represented in Figs. 7 and 8 respec- 

 tively, were part of a family of eight males and five females bred by 

 Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter from thirteen small caterpillars found on a 

 single leaf on Damba Island, near Entebbe ; and Dr. Carpenter has 

 since raised other families in the same locality. The influence of 

 food and climate as the explanation of Mimicry breaks down even 

 more completely at Entebbe than at Lagos. The eastern female of 

 alciope is, as will be shown, a recent modification of the western, 



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