1912. | 8] 



butterflies characterised by a common conspicuous warning pattern, 

 which is further displayed and emphasized by large numbers of indi- 

 viduals and by a fearless, slow method of flight, so that they fall an 

 easy prey to the net. In the Neotropical region the dominant 

 Miillerian associations are formed by the Ithomiinse and Heliconiinse — 

 butterflies characterized by a black and yellow striped, tiger-like, 

 pattern. In the Oriental region these are replaced by two distasteful 

 associations, each with its own particular mimics, (i) the black-and- 

 white-lined Danaini and (ii) the black or iridescent purple-black 

 Euplceini. This has been demonstrated often enough by writers who 

 have studied European collections, but the involuntary evidence 

 supplied by the above figures is to my mind even more eloquent. 



The Danaini collected are chiefly confined to two species, D. eryx t 

 Fab. (29 specimens), and D. vulgaris, Butl. (14 specimens). The 

 other three species represented are D. septentrionis, Butl., 3 ; D. lotis, 

 Cram., 2 ; D. asvasia, Fab., 1. Total 49 specimens. Of these only 

 two females were noticed, both of D. eryx. 



The Euplceini chiefly belong to three species, E. claudius mulciber, 

 Cram., 27 ; E. crameri, Luc, 18 ; and E. diocletianus lowei, Moore, 20. 

 The remaining species are E. scudderi, Moore, 2 ; E. bremeri, Feld., 4 ; 

 E. uniformis, Moore, 4 ; E. zonata, Druee, 1 ; E. corns butleri, Moore, 1. 

 Total 77. Of all these only one female was noticed (E. claudius 

 midciber) . 



The remaining species of Nymphalidai call for little comment. 

 They are : — 



Elymniin^e, E. nigrescens, Butl., 6 ; E. panthera, Fab., 1. 



AMATHUsiiNiE, A. phidippus, Linn., 2. 



Satyrin^, Mycalesis medus, W. M. et de NIc, 2 ; M. aiiapita, 

 Moore, 3; M. mineus, Linn., 1 ; Ypthima pandocus, Moore, 1 ; Y.fas- 

 ciata, Hew., 3 ; Lethe europa, Fab., 1 ; Ragadia crisia, Hiibn., 3 ; Erites 

 elegans, Butl., 1. Only one Lemoniid was captured, viz., Abisara 

 Jcausambi, Feld., 1. 



Nymph alin^, Nejjtis uata, Moore, 1 ; N. leucothoe matuta, Hiibn., 5; 

 JV.^eraA-rt , Butl., 1 ; Junonia atlites, Linn., 2 ; Gethosia hypsea, D. and H., 3 ; 

 Cynthia erota, Fab., 15; Cupha erytnanthis lotis, Sulz., 6; Limenitis pro- 

 cris agnata, Fruhst., 1 ; Athyma Jcresna, Moore, 3 ; Adolias canescens, 

 Butl., 1 ; Euthalia ambalika, Moore, 1 ; E. dumja, D. and H., 1 ; Eulepis 

 delphis, Doubl., 1 ; Partlienos sylvia, Cram., 5 ; Cyrestis tiivea nivalis, 

 Feld., 1; G.theresse, de NIc, 1. Among the 15 Cynthia erota there 

 was only a single female. 



