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Continent, with a species or two in Madagascar. The plume- 

 scales with which the males are provided show a general 

 family resemblance, together with interesting specific differ- 

 ences. Their most characteristic feature is the expanded 

 base, either rounded or angulated, of the lamina. In the 

 distal portion of the lamina, the sides run nearly or quite 

 parallel. Some of the species of Pinacopteryx are not easily 

 distinguished, and in certain public collections there is a good 

 deal of confusion between different forms. In cases of 

 difficulty, much help is afforded by an examination of the 

 plume-scales. 



In West Africa we have the large pale-yellow form P. 

 cebron, Ward, which inhabits the Gold Coast, S. Nigeria and 

 the Cainaroons. Its scent-scale is long and tapering, with an 

 angulated base. Further south comes P. falkensteini, Dewitz 

 (Angola ; Congo), also large, but white instead of yellow. 

 The plume-scale is much like that of P. cebron, but shorter. 

 It has an unusually large accessory disc. 



P. orbona, Hiibn., also from the W. Coast, looks like a 

 small specimen of the last, but has a quite distinctive scent- 

 scale, in which the basal expansion is much diminished. 

 P. vidua, Butl. (Upper Nile and Br. East Africa) is somewhat 

 like the last species. Its scent-scale, however, is very short, 

 broad in proportion, and with a widely-expanded angulated 

 base. 



P. pigea, Boisd. (Natal), of which P. alba, Wallgrn., is the 

 dry-season phase, has a plume-scale with regularly rounded 

 base and rather small accessory disc. In N.E. Rhodesia, 

 Nyassaland and German E. Africa occurs a form closely 

 allied to pigea, but generally larger, and frequently showing 

 cxii] 



in both sexes, but especially in the female, a considerable 

 resemblance to Mylothris agathina ; so much so that Mr. 

 Neave says that he has often mistaken the females, when on 

 the wing, for females of that species. This is the form 

 referred to in Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1907, p. lxv, though 

 some of the statements there made require modification in 

 the light of subsequent knowledge. A pair of this form 

 from Fwambo are the types of Mr. Butler's P. astarte. The 



