458 CLEVE, DIATOMS. 
samples from Spitsbergen and later, in 1853, some from Assist- 
ance Bay (73250' N. lat.)! The limited number of arctic 
species found by Ehrenberg was considerably increased by 
O'Meara”?, who published, in 1860, a list of diatoms, gather- 
ed during the arctic expedition of the »Fox» under the com- 
mand of Sir Leop. M'Clintock. O'Meara enumerates not 
less than 85 species, among which several are fresh-water 
inhabitants and some doubtful, the limits of the species being 
at that time in many cases others than admitted at present. 
The Swedish expedition to Spitsbergen, in 1861, under the 
direction of Torell, procured some material containing marine 
diatoms, which were examined by myself3. Later I obtained 
better materials, especially many very rich and interesting 
gatherings from the surface of the northern Atlantic and Davis 
Strait, collected during the Swedish expedition under Norden- 
skiöld to Greenland in 1870. 'The result of the examination of 
these materials, as well as many others from Spitsbergen, 
obtained from the Riksmuseum of Stockholm, was published 
in 1873". Afterwards Mr. O' Meara published a catalogue of 
species > collected by Mr. Eaton on the voyage of Mr. Leigh- 
Smith. Mr. O' Meara found several new species, which, however, 
have been figured in such a manner, that the identification 
may be impossible without original specimens for comparison. 
During the Swedish expedition in 1875 and 1876 to the 
Kara Sea and to Yenisei M. M. Kjellman, Lundström 
and Stuxberg collected several samples containing diatoms, 
which were of the greatest interest for the knowledge of the 
diatoms in the Arctic Sea, east of Spitsbergen. Also has Mr. 
Kjellman, during his exploration of the alg&e of the coasts 
of Finmarken, collected most rich and interesting materials, 
containing diatoms from the northern part of Norway. All 
these materials were examined by Mr. Grunow and myself '. 
During the expedition of the Vega Mr. Kjellman collected 
extremely rich and important materials on the ice-flakes near 
Cape Wankarema. The species contained in these samples were 
numerous and in a most astonishing or almost incredible a man- 
ner variable, so that it was in many cases scarcely possible 
1 Monatsber. der Berl. Akad. 1841, page 206 and 1853, page 522. 
2 Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc. 1860 July. 
3 Öfvers. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Förh. 1867, page 661. 
+ Bihang till K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handlingar, Vol. I, N:o 13. 
5 Micr. Journ., Vol. XIV (NS) pag. 258. 
6 K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XVII, N:o 2, 1880. 
