208 ME. E. B. POULTON ON THE EXTEENAL 



Figs. 7, 8. The Terminal Abdominal Segments of the Pupa of Cerura vinula. 



Fig. 7. Natural size. The last four segments of a female pupa seen from the ventral and posterior 

 aspects. The median prolongation of the tenth abdominal is very distinct. A dorsal semi- 

 circle of spines is seen on the ninth abdominal, together with the indications of a semicircle 

 upon the dorsal division of the tenth abdominal. 



Fig. 8. X 4. The median ventral area of the ninth and adjacent part of the tenth abdominal segments 

 of a male pupa. The male organs are characteristic in position and in form, except that the 

 lateral tubercles are flattened as in Cossus (Plate XX. fig. 30). 



Figs. 9, 10. The Terminal Abdominal Segments of the Pupa of Orgyia antiqua. 



Fig. 9. X 9. The median ventral area of the eighth, ninth, and the anterior part of the tenth abdominal 

 segments of a female pupa. The two closely adjacent generative openings are enclosed between 

 lateral lips which bear a striking resemblance to each other. The posterior opening is in a 

 normal position at the apex of the median prolongation. 



Fig. 10. X 9. The same parts of another female pupa. A comparison between this and fig. 9 illustrates 

 the very great amount of individual variation in the characters of the external reproductive 

 organs. The differences, are, however, somewhat exaggerated by the fact that this figure was 

 drawn from a transparent object, while fig. 9 was drawn from an opaque object. The two 

 openings are seen to be fused. The posterior appears to belong to the tip of the median pro- 

 longation of the tenth abdominal, the anterior to a forward extension of the ninth ; the latter 

 is an exceptional appearance. 



Figs. 11-13. The Terminal Abdominal Segments of the Pupa of Odonestis potatoria. 



Fig. 11. X 5"25. The last three segments of a female pupa seen from a ventral and posterior aspect. The 

 anterior generative opening is very distinct and surrounded by lips; it is placed on the poste- 

 rior part of the eighth abdominal. The posterior opening is probably represented by the 

 median line immediately behind the anterior opening, but there is another mark placed more 

 posteriorly, which may indicate its presence. The posterior end of the pupa is seen to be 

 rounded. 



Fig. 12. X 7'5. The last three segments of a male pupa, seen from a ventral and posterior aspect, but 

 more posteriorly than in the last figure. Hence the division of the tenth abdominal into a 

 ventral or anal (x) and dorsal (x') part is clearly indicated. The latter is entirely without a 

 terminal spine, but is covered dorsally by minute hooks. The male organ is better studied in 

 the next figure. The anus (A) is nearly terminal. 



Fig. 13. X 50. The median ventral area of the ninth and anterior part of the tenth abdominal 

 segments of the same pupa, showing the male organ and its relation to the segments. 

 The surface-sculpture is indicated. The male organ is seen to be somewhat asymmetrical ; it 

 is surrounded by a thickened margin rather than by the two lateral lips which are distinct in 

 most male pupfe (compare fig. 2) . The relation to the limits of the ninth and tenth segments 

 is carefully figured. 



Fig. 14). The Terminal Abdominal Segments of the Pupa oi Endromis versicolor. 



Fig. 14. X 7. The last three segments seen from the dorsal aspect. The surface of the pupa is 

 extremely rough and richly beset with spines, which take a backward direction, and probably 

 assist in emergence from the cocoon. The scar of the caudal horn is unusually distinct and 

 large in this individual ; it is placed, as in the pupa of Sphingida;, upon the eighth 

 abdominal. 



