1893] UPHAM — ESKERS NEAR ROCHESTER, N. Y. I9I 



After an interruption or gap about 40 rods in length, the more 

 southern portion of the series, from a point about:a mile east-south- 

 east of Pittsford village to its termination about a mile southeast and 

 south of the village of Bushnell's Basin in Perinton, is well described 

 as follows, by Mr. Charles R. Dryer, in a paper which also treats of 

 the Pinnacle hills, Irondequoit bay, and the massive hill ranges of till 

 south of Pittsford and Fairport ('). Mr. Dryer, following the early 

 usage of the term kaine, applies it to the narrow esker ridge, with steep 

 slopes and sharp crest, which he describes one to three miles south- 

 east of Pittsford, succeeded in the next mile or more by a sand plain or 

 plateau. 



" The north end is a sharp ridge of very coarse gravel, fifty feet in height, 

 one mile long, and in shape like a rude fish-hook. It is separated from the 

 southern portion by the channel of Irondequoit river, which has cut the kame 

 completely in two. In the southern portion the gravel is overlaid by fifty feet 

 of fine sand which spreads out toward the southeast in a sheet a mile or more 

 in width. This kame forms a dam across the valley, complete except for an 

 interval of less than one-fourth of a mile on its western side. The Erie canal 

 avails itself of this kame to cross the valley and by a fifty-foot embankment 

 restores what probably once existed as a natural feature. South of the kame 

 the valley is as level as a floor for three miles up the stream and was evidently 

 once the site of a lake whose waters were held back by the kame as a dam." 



Relationship to Drumlins and Terminal Moraines on the south. — To 

 understand the history of the recession of the ice-sheet in this region and 

 of the accumulation of its drift, it is needful for us to take for a moment 

 a somewhat broad view southward. Beginning within a half mile south 

 of Pittsford, drumlins are admirably developed upon an area extend- 

 ing six or seven rrliles to the south, into the northwest part of 

 Mendon. They also form the crests of a massive drift ridge which 

 stretches from Fairport south to Victor, culminating in Turk's hill ; 

 and beyond a depression, through which the railroad from Rochester 

 to Canandaigua passes, similar massive, drumlin-crowned highlands 

 extend from Victor several miles to the south and southwest. These 

 highlands appear to me referable to the class of drumlins, rather than 

 to that of terminal moraines marking the outlines of the ice-front at 

 any stage of temporary halt in its general retreat. Eastward from 

 this region, drumlins occur in extraordinary abundance for a distance 

 of 60 miles, to the vicinity of Syracuse i^). 



(i.) The Glacial Geology of the Irondequoit Region, Am. Geologist, Vol. V, pp. 202-207, 

 with map, April, 1890. 



(2.) L. Johnson, "The Parallel Hills of Western New York," Trans., N. Y. Acad, of Sci., 

 Vol. I, 1882, pp. 78-80 ; Annals, do.. Vol. H, pp. 249-266, with map. 



D. F. Lincoln, " Glaciation in the Finger Lalie Region of New York," Am. Jour., Sci., Ill, 

 Vol, XLIV, pp. 290-301, Oct., 1892. 



Warren IJpham, " Conditions of Accumulation of Drumlins," Am. Geologist, Vol. X, pp. 339- 

 362, Dec, 1892. 



