An Anthropogeographical Study of the Origin of the Eskimo Culture. 97 
from Arctic to Subarctic takes place. Seen from a purely cultural stand- 
point, this is evident from the fact that both umiaks and dog sledges are 
used. The fact of the dog sledge suddenly making its appearance at Ang- 
magsalik after having been absent from the whole of South Greenland could, 
perhaps, in addition to other ethnographical features, be urged in favour of 
the opinion which was first pronounced by G. Horm, and has since been 
supported by the observations of later authors (С. H. RYDER, G. Amprup and 
W. THALBITZER), that the Angmagsalik Eskimo consist of a mixture of ele- 
ments, some of which came from the south and some from the north, and 
consequently have passed along the north and north-east coasts of Greenland. 
It should, however, be mentioned that the groups had not been entirely 
outside the sphere of European influence before HoLM’s visit in 1884, and 
before the establishment of the Danish missionary and trading stations in 
1894; thus, even before 1884, the Angmagsalik Eskimo had obtained iron 
through their journeys to the eastern part of the west coast. 
Consequently, even Angmagsalik did not in Houm’s time (1884) represent 
the most original Eskimo conditions in Greenland. These conditions, especi- 
ally with regard to the annual economic cycle along the various stretches of 
coasts from Melville Bay in the north and around Cape Farewell to Ang- 
magsalik and further to the extinct groups at Scoresby Sound and Franz 
Joseph fjord, it has hitherto been impossible to describe except in their 
more common features. 
During later years, however, considerable work has been done, especially 
by Danish investigators, as regards the ethnographical exploration of Green- 
land. The majority of the works on the subject have been published in 
M. 0. G. One of the works published elsewhere should, however, be noticed 
here; it is the Norwegian ethnographer О. SoLBERG’s important work ‘Bei- 
träge zur Vorgeschichte der Osteskimo.” In М. о. G. W. THALBITZER has 
published a new edition of Horm's excellent and valuable memoir of 1888, 
and his own extensive descriptions and studies based on ethnographical col- 
lections from East Greenland made by G. Horm, G. AMDRUP and J. PETERSEN. 
From the northern part of the east coast С. BENDIx THOSTRUP has given an 
account of the ethnographical results of the Danmark Expedition. From the 
west coast there has quite recently been published M. PorstLp’s studies of 
the material culture of the Eskimo. The author, who is in command of 
the scientific Danish Arctic station of Disco, is a botanist, and it was the 
fact of his having had an opportunity of living closely associated with the 
Kskimo that led him on to make ethnographical observations. 
Among the points of interest, particularly as regards economic culture, 
which appear from these studies, two points will especially be considered 
here. The first is, that whale hunting has played a prominent part not 
only at the west coast of Greenland and at Angmassalik!, but also along 
the northern part of the east coast, or the districts between Scoresby Sound 
' С. Horm and Tuacsirzer, M. 0. G., Vol. 39, pp. 56 and 403. 
LI. 7 
