An Anthropogeographical Study of the Origin of the Eskimo Culture. 107 
no sealskin among them however. They were dressed in clothes made from 
the skin of the reindeer and the musk ox; and. according to his statement, 
even their kayaks were made of reindeer skin. Both J. ANDERSON and 
KING are of opinion that the Eskimo whom they, with 20 years intervening, 
met in the district near Lake Garry belonged to a tribe that wandered 
about round Chesterfield Inlet. That they have not come from the north 
and do not belong to the Eskimo the Expedition met at the mouth of 
Back River is evident from what J. ANDERSON observed, viz., that the 
Lake-Garry-Eskimo did not possess articles from the FRANKLIN Expedition, 
while he found many such articles amongst the Eskimo from the North 
whom he met at the mouth of Back River. 
It is an interesting question whether the Eskimo of whom WARBURTON 
PIKE, in 1889, found traces at the upper group of lakes which are part of 
Back River, 65° 20’ N. lat. and 107° W.long., belong to Kinipetu or to a 
tribe which visits these districts from Bathurst Inlet. As these Eskimo 
have never been met with it is impossible to decide the question; but 
WARBURTON PIKE’S observation is of importance because it shows that the 
“Barren Grounds” outside their interior are not entirely uninhabited, but 
that every large group of lakes is occupied by the Eskimo. In the region 
which he traversed, WARBURTON Pike found the boundary between the 
Indians and the Eskimo to be Musk-ox-lake (64!/2° N. lat., 108!/4° W. long.), 
which is visited from the north by the Eskimo and from the south by the 
Red Indians. But during many years the two people had not been in 
contact with each other, and the Red Indians were in constant fear of 
meeting the Eskimo. 
Besides these few scattered, and in part uncertain, notes on the Kinipetu 
Eskimo, we have a more accurate account of them which dates from one 
of the members of the SchwatTKA Expedition, WizLrAM H. GILDER, who, in 
February or March 1879, spent a week among them on a lake situated 
north-west of Marble Island, consequently, in the neighbourhood of Chester- 
field Inlet. Here they dwelt in snow houses, and lived on fish and reindeer 
meat. GILDER says that their chief article of food is reindeer meat, just as 
walrus and seal meat is that of the Eivillik Eskimo. J. W. TYRRELL who 
has travelled around the Kinipetu territory on hunting excursions describes 
reindeer hunting as the favourite occupation of these Eskimo, and mentions 
several methods of hunting, amongst which the most important consists in 
luring the reindeer during their regular wanderings from north to south into 
a fenced-in enclosure, or out into a lake where the hunter lies in hiding 
with his kayak. Seal hunting, however, is also carried on, and in the spring 
of 1880 the Scawarka Expedition found them hunting seal on the ice. During 
GILDER’S visit they were evidently yet living on the supplies from the 
previous summer and autumn; and every night they assembled in their 
meeting house, an especially large snow house which was 7.6 metres in 
diameter and 3.7 metres in height, and where they sang to the accompani- 
ment of drums, or amused themselves with various games. A social pecu- 
