134 H. P. STEENSBY. 
stretch from East Cape to Koluitschinbay (174°50’ W. long.) is most densely 
populated, and this is also best known from the wintering of the “Vega” in 67°5’ 
N. lat. and 173°23’ М. long. 
NORDQUIST counted 50 settlements altogether, the total population of which 
he estimated at 2000. Along the coast towards Bering Sea the Coast Chukches 
also hold sway from 172° W. long. to about 172° Е. long., where they are dis- 
placed by a population af Koryaks, which again on the Kamchatka Peninsula 
south of 57—58° N. lat. is displaced by the Kamchadales. 
Amongst the many names, which in the course of time have been given 
to the Asiatic Eskimo, without, however, any of them having been allowed 
to cling and become a permanent designation, are mentioned Namollo, which 
was used by Гатке, and Onkilon used by WRANGELL. According to Bocoraz 
these words are supposed to originate respectively from Koryak and Chukche, 
and signify “coast inhabitant’? or “sea people” generally, without any regard 
to their relation to tribe. Hooper introduced the whale hunter’s expression 
. Tuski the origin of which is somewhat obscure. Datu in his later works called 
the Asiatic Eskimo Chuklukmut after a locality Chukluk. Finally their own 
designation for themselves Ywit (plural of yuk, “man’’) has obtained more com- 
mon use through American authors (first employed by the Zoologist W. Srrme- 
son). In this connection it may be mentioned that the Eskimo at St.Lawrence 
Island are in language as well as in mode of living closely connected, so that 
one must assume that the island has been populated from Asia. 
When the Eskimo, in spite of the favourable geographical conditions, do 
not occupy a greater territory in North Eastern Asia than is the case, it is owing 
to these districts having been occupied by other people, who must have been 
present long ago, possibly even when the Eskimo arrived there. A number of 
these already mentioned people have, however, allowed themselves to be strongly 
influenced by the Eskimo. The Coast Chukches have even adopted the Eskimo 
economic culture, so that in this respect one can hardly distinguish between 
the two peoples. The Coast Chukches — especially those at the Arctic Ocean 
— have adopted the Eskimo ice hunting methods, and the implements for these. 
Yet they have preserved their Asiatic manner of putting-to the dogs, namely, 
so that one pair goes in front of the other in a long row, whereas the Asiatic 
Eskimo place them in a transverse line, in the manner common to the Eskimo. 
The Coast Chukches employ a tent dwelling similar to that of the nomadic 
Chukches, which I formerly! assumed to be a remain from the original nomadic 
existence. Now, from Bocoraz’ investigations, it is plain, however, that the 
Chukches were coast dwellers before they became nomads, and JOCHELSON is 
probably correct in stating that these old Palæasiatic coast inhabitants, the 
forefathers of the Coast Chukches and Coast Koryaks, originally lived in earth 
huts. With Chukches and Koryaks, reindeer nomadism must be comprehended 
as a form of economic culture which parts of these tribes have adopted by imi- 
tating other tribes — whether these tribes are Youkhagirs or others will not 
1 STEENSBY, I, р. 119. 
