178 H. P. STEENSBY. 
two most important kinds of stag in these regions are the elk and the 
reindeer. The American elk (moose; the French Canadian orignal) 
lives in quite a similar manner as the European elk, in that it keeps to 
the forest districts rich in lakes and rivers, and avoids prairies as well 
as tundra areas. The reindeer is also found in the forest districts, where 
it roams singly or in small herds. These forest reindeer are, however, 
of slight importance as compared with the huge masses of the tundra 
reindeer, which in the summer overrun the tundra, while in the winter 
they migrate southwards to the forest-edge, or to protected places within 
the tundra. Also small game, such as hares and web-footed birds are 
of anthropogeographical importance. If we go hack in years, we are 
obliged to assume that the bison south of Great Bear Lake and the 
musk ox as far as the edge of the tundra must once have played a röle 
as hunting animals to the Forest Indians also. 
The population in the mentioned forest belt is, in an ethnographic 
respect, not very heterogeneous, inasmuch as here only two groups of 
tribes are found, the Algonquins and the Tinneh people. Algonquin 
tribes occupy the interior of Labrador, and also the regions south and 
south-west of Hudson Bay as far as Churchill River. Further north, 
Tinneh tribes (Athabascans) are predominant both in the Hudson and 
the Alaskan parts of the forest territory. 
It is not necessary, here, in this connection, to enter further into 
detail about the individual small groups or tribes, although an attempt 
to apportion the tribes to the geographical differentiation of the country 
would not be without interest. Meanwhile it must be emphasized, that 
these so-called Forest Indians also extend somewhat on the tundra. 
This applies to the whole stretch from Hudson Bay to Western Alaska. On 
the north-eastern Barren Grounds the boundary of the Eskimo’s hunting 
fields runs south of Dubaunt Lake, and slightly north of Aylmer Lake. 
In my work of 1905 I made an attempt to localize the groups in 
relation to hunting districts and groups of Jakes, and on the whole I 
there gave a more copious description of the anthropogeography of 
these regions in question. Finally, I there quoted a series of arguments 
which showed that the Tinneh people could not originally have popu- 
lated the Hudson lowland, but must have come from the west across 
the mountains. Probably those authors are right who assume that their 
source of origin lies in British Columbia, and that along the vast valleys 
of Fraser River and Columbia River they have made their way towards 
the east. As far as I know SCHOOLcRAFT! was the first exponent of 
this conception. Whatsoever the conditions of the source of origin may 
prove to be, it is a fact that the Tinneh people have expanded in a more 
restricted territory. They now inhabit such large areas that it is im- 
possible that they always can have possessed these. 
1 SCHOOLCRAFT, Vol. II, р. 27. 
