An Anthropogeographical Study of the Origin of the Eskimo Culture. 187 
Types of Eskimo Dwellings. 
(Hereto belongs a plate.) 
When to this anthropogeographical work I wish to add a section on 
Eskimo house types, and to regard these from a more ethnological point 
of view, it is for various reasons. 
In the previous chapters special regard has been paid to the methods 
of hunting, and less to the dwelling, which, however, is also of great 
anthropogeographical importance. Moreover, in my work of 1905, I sub- 
jected the Eskimo house-structure to the result of my considerations 
at that time, but that result I cannot now approve of. This refers to 
the view that the Mackenzie house originated direct from the North 
American prairie house. At the time mentioned, Lewis H. MorGan’s 
work was essentially the only one to hand about North American house- 
structure, and he employed a more sociological method, and set himself 
quite a different task from that which now lies before us. In works 
of travel hardly anything, or only scattered information, was to hand 
about North Asiatic house-structure. Since 1905 some valuable works 
have appeared, of which I lay stress on Е. SARFERT's paper from 1908 
on North American house-types and on H. Т. SırkLıus’s papers on the 
primitive dwellings in Northern Asia from 1906—1909, and in addition 
to the works of Bocoraz and Jocuretson. Finally, regarded from a 
modern sociological point of view, the Eskimo dwellings have been 
treated by M. Mauss and H. BEucxar. 
In the previous chapters [ have already drawn attention to the fact 
that the form of the Eskimo houses varies considerably, not only because 
there are forms for use at different seasons, but also because there are 
forms which seem to show that the history of their origin must be dif- 
ferent. I mentioned the summer dwelling or skin tent, the snow house 
or dwelling for winter travelling and hunting, as also some forms of 
winter houses. 
A division of the last mentioned has lately been given by W. THAL- 
BITZER!. He distinguishes between three types of these Eskimo houses: 
1) The roundish, dome-shaped type, with whale bone as material, 2) the 
rectangular type, in which the material consists of wood, stones, and 
turf; and 3) the pear-shaped house, mainly built of stones and turf. 
The five different types of dwellings, however, do not entirely 
exhaust the whole series of house-forms existing amongst the Eskimo. 
1 W. THALBITZER, II, р. 352 sqq. 
