Zoogeographical Investigations in Southern Greenland. 233 
naturalist and ethnographer, stud. mag. K. BIRKET-SMITH, and Baads- 
mand N. PETERSEN, of the Danish Navy. To the last-named in parti- 
cular, a very large share of the credit for the good results obtained is 
due, as the experience of four previous expeditions rendered him familiar 
to a unique degree with the navigation of Greenland fjords, where ice 
and hidden reefs make investigations of this nature considerably more 
difficult than in most other parts of the world. 
Bredéfjord (Ikersuak) and adjacent fjords. 
(St. 29—156.) 
The mouth of Bredefjord lies at 60°45’ N., the fjord itself exten- 
ding up some 30 miles inland, towards the north-east, and continuing, 
as the Sermilik, for about half that distance. Some 6 miles south of 
Bredefjord, and separated from it by a range of large islands, of which 
Tugtutok (Reindeer Island) is the largest, lies Skovfjord (Nardlu- 
nak). Skovfjord is almost as large as Bredefjord itself; its continuation 
landward is the Tunugdliarfik (the Eriksfjord of the Norsemen). 
The investigation of this system of fjords occupied the two months 
from 15. July to 15. September. 
Bredefjord is on an average 2—3 miles across; the inner portion, 
however, is considerably broader, being divided up into a number of 
small branches running right up to the glaciers of the inland ice. The 
inner end of Sermilik has 5 branches, of which 3 with glaciers; a single 
glacier runs out into Tunugdliarfik. 
The coasts of Bredefjord and Skovfjord with the interjacent is- 
lands are for the most part low, rising however, in places to considerable 
heights, as for instance at the north-east corner of Tugtutok, and the 
southern side of Sermilik (Ilimausak), which rise steeply from the water, 
as also in parts of the small branch fjords on the north side of Bredefjord. 
The coast formation is thus suggestive of shallow water; in spite of 
this, however, considerable depths are found. At 5%. 130, for instance, the 
dredge was sent down with 800 metres of line out, without reaching bottom. 
It is interesting to note the depths at the mouth of the fjord, these 
being such as to offer unhindered access to the Atlantic water. The fol- 
lowing depths were noted midway out in the mouth of Bredefjord: 
>550 m. (St. 30); >550 m. (St. 34); 700 m. (St. 121). 
At the mouth of Skovfjord, 400 m. was noted at St. 155, while St. 
154 showed only 270 m. and St. 156, which lies, it is true, not far from 
a small island, 70—140 m. In the southern arm of Skovfjord (south 
of the island of Kangue) considerable depths are found off the perpendi- 
cular rock of Alangarssuak (St. 137, 280 m. St. 144, 250—300 m. St. 
"146, 305—310 m.); in the northern branch, however, between Tugtutok 
and Kangue, the depths are very slight (St. 145, 10—35 m.). With 
regard to Skovfjord as a whole, it was found, as will be seen from the 
following, that while the depth at the mouth is sufficient to permit a 
