Zoogeographical Investigations in Southern Greenland. 357 
Remarks on the Plankton fauna. 
1. Bredefjord. The surface plankton, (St. 29, 39, 41, 42, 43, 
56, 57, 71, 83, 85, 99, 101, 105, 125), consisted mainly of small Calanidae 
(chiefly Pseudocalanus elongatus); there was also, however, a considerable 
quantity of detritus, Euphausida larvae and Zoeæ of Hyas coarctatus. 
At St. 85, a single specimen of Parathemisto oblivia was taken. At 
St. 101 a specimen of Podon Leuckartii С. О. Sars, was found; this 
being new for Greenland. The quantity varies considerably. 
Nansen’s closing-net (St. 30, the mouth) St. 63, (central part) 
St. 94 (the head). In the upper water layers, from 0—125 m. the quan- 
tity decreases in a marked degree from the mouth inwards, and the 
fauna of these strata is the same as that taken with the surface plankton 
net. Below this depth, where the temperature increases owing to the 
subjacent Atlantic water, we find Calanus finmarchicus, Euphausidae and 
Hyperiidea, the quantity of the yield increasing from the mouth in- 
wards; vide especially 550—450 m. In these deep layers, 550—350 m. 
(we had unfortunately only 550m. of wire for the Nansen-net, and were 
thus unable to reach farther down) we found, most unexpectedly, Boreo- 
mysis arctica as a constant component; at St. 94, it was even taken as 
high up as 350—250m. Another remarkable find was that of Scina 
borealis, St. 94, at 450—350 m., this species being new for Greenland. 
In the deep layers also, some specimens of Conchoesia sp. were found, 
and, apart from Crustacea, Tomopteris and Sagitta were of fairly fre- 
quent occurrence. 
The ring trawl yielded, strange to say, nothing at all from St. 107 
(200 m. w.) and St. 52 (300 m. w.), while at St. 51 (200 m. w.) it brought 
up a Ctenophora and a Medusa, nothing more. The yield was extremely 
variable; greatest with 300—500 m. w. and extremely poor with 100 m.w. 
which is doubtless due to the fact that the small Calanidae found near 
the surface (vide remarks on the Nansen-net) passed through the mesh. 
On comparing the results from Bredefjord for plankton-net, Nansen- 
net and ringtrawl, it will be seen that the poor surface plankton goes 
down to abt. 100—125 m. Beyond this depth (> 33 /,, salinity) where 
the temperature increases, we find the Euphausidae and Hyperiidea, 
while among the Copepoda, Calanus finmarchicus appears as a character 
form, amounting to 80—100°/, of all Copepoda. Euphausidae did not 
appear at any of the stations in such quantity as to predominate over 
the others; the greater portion is still made up of Hyperiidea and Cope- 
poda, there being as a rule at least twice as many of the latter as of the 
former (reckoned in ccm.); St. 108 (300 m. w.) is remarkable as yielding 
over 500 ccm. Sagitta. 
Of Euphausidae, Thyanoessa longicaudata and Th. inermis were 
the most numerous (maximum at 500—800 m. w.); also Meganyctiphanes 
norvegica however, must here be reckoned as a character form, albeit 
