254 I. P. Kocu. 
formed a series of determinations of latitude by means of the sun, 
at a point which lay 5”.65 more northerly than the pillar in the 
Observatory '). These observations gave, computed under the appli- 
cation of the above-mentioned factor of correction, for the Ob- 
servatory the latitude of ф = 74°32'05”.5. If, however, the ob- 
servations are computed without applying the factor of correction, 
one gets for the Observatory ф — 74°32'10".1, in which manner the 
agreement with the result of the determinations of latitude performed 
in the Observatory by means of Polaris, ф = 74°32'13”.7 (Besslian 
refraction) becomes much better. 
SABINE has undoubtedly performed his determinations of latitude 
in the open air, as his Observatory was taken up by the pendulums. 
Besides the use of an artificial horizon in a movable observatory is, 
as a rule, too inconvenient. 
By a comparison between the determinations of latitude made 
by SaBINE and those of the Germaniaexpedition one ought, according 
to what has been stated above, only lo take open-air observations 
into account, and as a measure of precaution it would be most 
correct from SABInE’s observations only to take those which, like 
those of the Germaniaexpedition, are performed by means of a 
theodolite. In this manner we get: 
SABINE S7O)bservatory - . 02.512 ARRET ф — 74932'20”.1>) 
The Observatory of the Germaniaexpedition ф = 74°32/10”.1. 
According to this the site of SABINE's Observatory would thus 
be about 10” farther north than that of the Germaniaexpedition. 
In this manner, under reasonable supposition, the necessary 
agreement with CLAVERING's map has been brought about. As the 
difference of latitude, as already observed, should be 8”.4, it will 
appear that, practically speaking, an equally good agreement would 
have been obtained for the latitude of the Germaniaexpedition, if 
one had used that determined by BORGEN and COPELAND, solely by 
means of the Polaris ф — 74°32'13”.7 (Besslian refraction). 
Taking it for granted that BORGEN and COPELAND computed their 
observations with an incorrect value of the refraction, the question 
arises whether this circumstance has not caused a greater systematic 
error in the longitude. This is, however, not a likely supposition. 
BORGEN and COPELAND have determined the longitude of the Ob- 
servatory, partly by means of observations of the moon partly by 
1) See note to the determinations of latitude in “Die zweite deutsche Nordpol- 
fahrt”, Bd. II, р. 725. 
2) Mean of 74°32'20”.7 and 74932’19”.5. The computation is performed with 
Besslian refraction, without applying a factor of correction. 
