Survey of Northeast Greenland. 311 
This, however, does not hold good of the fully drawn border line 
between inland ice and land. The explanation of this is that the 
border line of the inland ice, which at a distance looks like an even 
snow plain, in reality forms very considerable waves, which may 
conceal low-lying ice-free country. In order to be able to rely alto- 
gether on a contour between inland ice and land, it is not sufficient 
that the latter may be said to be plotted; it must also practically 
speaking be travelled throughout the whole of its extent. The latter 
is the case with the western borderline of Germania Land, but on 
the other hand not with the eastern border line of Dronning Louises 
Land. 
During the preparation of the map I have not devoted sufficient 
attention to the circumstances mentioned in this place. The contours 
of Dronning Louises Land ought, in any case, south of the 77th 
parallel to have been drawn exclusively in a dotted lines. 
In the section on levellings (pp.360—365) an account has been rendered 
of the uncertainty with which the figures of altitude are encumbered. 
For the points levelled and situated on the eastern border line 
of Dronning Louises Land another source of error is added on 
account of the waves of the ice, which source of error in a con- 
siderable degree increases the uncertainty. According to the above 
there is nothing to guarantee that it is really the border line between 
ice and land, which has been levelled; this line may lie considerably 
lower than the point measured at, and the figures of altitude in these 
cases may thus be and probably are too great. 
How careful one ought to be, even in the case of an apparently 
rather certain cartographical material of a country enclosed in the 
inland ice, was borne in upon me during my stay on Dronning 
Louises Land in 1912. When I got as far as the small mountain 
which on the map is marked with the altitude 240, and which is 
situated on 76°42’ n. lat. and 23° w. of Grw. I saw that it was connected 
with Dronning Louises Land, both towards northwest and south, 
by quite a narrow and low-lying strip of land. In front of the 
mountain lay an extensive marginal lake, the altitude of which above 
the level of the sea was nearly 30 metres. Thus here there was in 
this part of the map rather a gross error in the contour of the land, 
and the levelled points situated in the border line of the map were 
evidently to be sought for on the mountain side about 60 metres 
above the real border line between land and ice. 
The main principle followed for the figuration of the relief 
on the stretches surveyed by the expedition has been to represent 
relief, water courses &c. in the map, only in such cases where di- 
rections were found in the cartographical material. Hatchings for 
