424 I. P. Koch. 
adrift, but only to form again in the years to come. According to 
FREUCHEN’S description we are evidently at Cape York dealing with 
a sikosak, which at a certain stage has reached such dimensions 
that it rests on the bottom of the fjord throughout a considerable 
portion of its extent, as there could otherwise not be any progressive 
movement in it, and that a movement of this kind must be supposed 
to exist, is indicated by FREUCHEN’s remark on the developed glacier 
crevasses. 
The above-mentioned sikosak from Cape York described by 
FREUCHEN, corresponds well with the conditions of certain snow 
glaciers on Germania Land’), with the sole difference that the latter 
are to be found in localities above the level of the sea. The Cape 
York type ofsikosak, which most nearly corresponds with the valley 
glacier, we have not met with in water areas in Northeast Greenland. 
On the other hand we have, in the southernmost part of Jokelbugten 
and near Norske Øer, met with an apparently motionless sikosak, 
which should thus most nearly correspond with the névés on land, 
and it is reasonable to assume that the extremely heavy ice ob- 
served by DE GERLACHE between Ile de France and Norske Øer (see 
p- 413), likewise was sikosak. That also great portions of the ice in 
Jokelbugten and Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden must be supposed to have 
been formed in the place itself from the snow has already been 
mentioned. Likevise it has been mentioned that according to FREUCHEN’S 
observations in 1912 sikosak is to be met with in Hagens Fjord and 
Independence Fjord. 
From the description given above of the ice conditions in the 
fjords of Northeast Greenland it will already be manifest that it 
is only for a very short period of the year, one month at most, 
that there is so much open water that the icebergs can go 
adrift. 
Compared with other parts of Greenland the production of ice- 
bergs in Northeast Greenland must be said to be insignificant, in 
that a large portion of the surplus, which from the inland ice is 
discharged into the sea, is prevented from breaking up and drifting 
off by the practically speaking permanent coast ice, but instead of 
that spreads itself across the sea, in the form of enormous, partly 
floating ice fields, and melts away there (see this volume Die glaciol. 
Beob. der Danmark-Exped., chaps. I, II and IV). Only in the interiors 
of the fjords, where open water is formed regularly every summer, 
and on those parts of the outer coast, where the sea ice is broken 
1) Die glaciol. Beob. der Danmark Exped., Kap VI, the present volume pp. 56—68. 
