of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 133 



Fi«. 28. Clavicle of G. merlangus. Nat. dze. 

 ,, 29. Otolith of G. argenteus, right side. Nat. size. Sharp end posterior. 



outer side, i inner side. There is a ridge along the centre. 

 ,, 30. Otolith of G. aaida. Nat. size. 

 ,, 31. Vomer of G. poxotassou, from in front. 



PLATE XI. 



Fj(JS. 32-55 are of Gadus poUachius, 87*8 cm. long. 



Fig. 32. Atlas vertebra seen from the side next the skull. Nat. size, x — part 



that articulates with the basioccipital ; y — part that articulates 



with the ex -occipital. 

 ,, 33. Eleventh vertebra, posterior end. Nat. size. The small processes, ^rc, 



on the edge of the centrum unite eventually with the posterior 



element of the parapophysis (transverse process). They are present 



on the vertebra bearing the first haemal arch (viz. , the twenty-second 



vertebra), but have disappeared on the twenty-fifth vertebra. 

 , , 34. The first eleven vertebrae. x ^ c — centrum ; pp — parapophysis. 

 ,, 35. Pectoral fin-ray. Nat. size. 

 ,, 36- First dorsal fin-ray seen from the posterior side. JVat. size, h — small 



hemispherical articular processes between the two half-rays. 

 ,, 37. Seventh ray of first dorsal fin. Nat. size. Side view. 

 ,, 38. Vertebrae, 12 to 26, x J. Zyp — zygapophysis. 

 ., 39. Twenty-second verlebra, bearing the first hcemal arch. Nat. size. 



Posterior surface. Up — -hsemapophysis. 

 ,, 40. Vertebrae, 27-53, x i. 



,, 41. Interspinous bone of third dorsal fin. Nat. size. Pt — protuberance. 

 ,, 42. First eleven vertebrae, ventral view. x \. 

 Fig. 43. Fifth vertebra, showing the end next the skull. Nat. size. ns — 



neural spine ; np — neurapophysis ; pp — parapophysis ; pi — pleura- 



pophysis. 

 ,, 44. First rib {i.e., attached to the third vertebra). Nat. size. 

 ,, 45. Rib attached to the sixth vertebra (?) Nat. size. 

 ,, 46. Heads of ribs. Enlarged a little. 

 ,, 47. Caudal fin-ray. Nat. size. 



,,48. ,, ,, ,, Left side ; Z/i — left half ; rA — right half. 



,, 49. ,, ,, dorsal view. Nat. size. 



,, 50. Half of a caudal fin-ray, showing the surface that is in contact with the 



other half -ray. Na,t. size, u — unsegmented strip ; s — segmented 



intermediate portion. 

 ,, 51. Base of caudal fin-rays. Ventral view. Nat. size. 

 ,, 52. Basi-branchials, seen from above. 

 ,, 53. One of the ribs attached to the seventh to twenty-first vertebrae. Nat. 



size. 

 ,, 54. Eleventh vertebra, seen from above. Nat. size. The neurapophysis is 



formed in part of cancellous tissue. The pores are large and 



perforate the bone. 

 „ 55. Interspinous bones of the first dorsal fin. 

 ,, 56. Otolith of G. minutus, 23 cm. lorg. Nat. size. 

 ,, 57. First haemal arch of G. poutassou, 13' 7 cm. long. Nat. size. 

 „ 58. ,, ,, ,, G. argenteus. Nat size. 



,, 59. ,, ,, ,, G. saida. Nat. size. 



„ 60. Hind abdominal cavity of G. saida. Nat. size. 

 ,, 61. First haemal arch of G. callarias, 38 '8 cm. Nat. size. 

 ,, 62. Hind abdominal cavity of G. merlangus, .38 "5 cm. 

 ,, 63, First haemal arch of G. minutus, 21 "7 cm. Nat. size. 

 ,, 64. ,, ,, ,, G. esmarki, 19*5 cm. ,, 



,, 65. ,, ,, ,, G.merlangus, 3S' 5 cm. „ 



,, 66. ,, ,, ,, G, virens, 53 cm. ,, 



,, 67. ,, ,, ,, G. luscus, 27'5 cm. ,, 



„ 68. ,, ,, ,, G. ceglefinus, 36 cm. ,, 



PLATE XII. 



Fig. 69. Hind abdominal cavity of G. argenteus. About nat. size. 

 ,, 70. ,, ,, ,, G. poutassou, 13*7 cm. long. Reduced. 



,, 71. Abdominal cavity of G. hiscus, 27'5 cm. long. Reduced. 

 ,,72. ,, ,, G. poUachius, 93 cm. long. Reduced. The dotted 



line indicates the course of the ureter on the right side of the body. 



