60 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
IMMIGRATION. 
The immigration for the year 1870, as appears by the ofiicial record, 
amounted to 356,303, the aggregate of the foreign passenger list being 
378,796, of whom 22,493 did not intend to remain in this country. The 
largest number of passengers from any one country was 91,779 from 
Germany. Ireland sent 75,544, England 59,488, Canada 51,278, Norway 
12,356, Sweden 12,009, China 11,943, Scotland 11,820. The number from 
China is 3,797 less than in 1869. Japan sent 48 in 1869 and 74 in 1870. 
The occupations of more than half of these immigrants is not stated ; 
1,854 males and 278 females are credited with professional callings, 180 
males and 20 females are artists, and 31,372 males and 592 females skilled 
artisans; the “ miscellaneous occupations” number 136,058 males and 9,724 
females; 16,529 have no occupations; and from those whose occupation 
is not stated, 128,254 are women, leaving but 62,342 males unclassified. 
A statement of the total immigration, from the earliest records of 
our national history, as prepared by the Bureau of Statistics of the 
Treasury Department, makes the grand aggregate 7,803,365. The 
decade ending in 1860 had the largest immigration, that ending in 1870 
an influx almost equally large, and the entire immigration prior to 1830 
was only a little larger than of either of the two subsequent decades. 
Great Britain sent her largest contributions in the decennial period 
ending in 1860, and nearly as many in the decade ending in 1850 as in 
that just closed. Among the countries increasing their offerings are 
British America, from which immigration has advanced from 59,309 to 
167,349; Denmark, from 3,749 to 17,885 ; Belgium, 4,738 to 7,416; Italy, 
7,012 to 12,796; China, from 41,397 to 68,059. It will be seen that 
nearly all our immigration is from Northern Europe, very little coming 
from Asia, and a scarcely appreciable amount coming from Africa or 
South America. The influx during the past two years has not been 
equal in volume, the “ net emigration” of the first two years failing to 
reach ninety thousand per year, nearly doubling that figure in 1863, 
still increasing from that date to 1866, when it was 314,840, then falling 
the next year to 293,601, and in 1868 to 289,145, rising again in 1869 to 
385,287, (the highest figure reached,) and in 1870 standing at 356,303. 
The census of 1870 returns 5,566,546 persons foreign-born in a total 
population of 38,555,983; and 9,734,845 persons having both father and 
mother foreign, and 10,892,015 having a foreign father. Thus nearly 
15 per cent. of our present population are actual immigrants, and 25 per 
cent. are of unmixed foreign parentage. These persons are mainly workers, 
increasing production and wealth very rapidly, developing resources 
that must long remain hidden without their aid, and especially service- 
able in the primitive and ruder forms of labor by which railroads are 
built, factories manned, mines worked, and farm products grown. 
The States increasing in wealth most rapidly are those which have 
secured the largest aid from this souree. A day may come when increase 
of population may cease to add to the wealth of a State; but that time 
is far distant to any one of the United States. In New York more than 
one-third are foreign-born, more than half of foreign parentage; in Mas- 
sachusetts, one-fourth are of foreign birth, and nearly one-half of foreign 
parentage; in [llinois and Iowa one-fifth were born in foreign lands; 
in Wisconsin and Minnesota more than one-third are foreign-born, and 
two-thirds of foreign parentage; and in Iowa and Kansas one-eighth 
are of foreign birth. All of the growing States, in which production 
and improvement are peculiarly noticeable, owe much of their growth 
and prosperity to the setélement and labor of immigrants. The pro- 
