REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 
on the fresh flowers, rejecting both leaves and stalks. The pupa is 
formed in a slight cocoon, and the moths fly late in June and July. 
The colors of the perfect insect are reddish-brown with yellow mark- 
ings, and broad, goldeii-like fringes to the wings. 
The canker-worm of the Northeastern States, Anisopteryx vernata, 
(Peck,) is said to have made its appearance in 
Michigan in apple orchards, and, if true, may be 
expected to spread rapidly if not checked in 
time. The eggs are deposited to the number of 
sixty to one hundred, in rows, glued to the sur- 
face of the bark, and the larvae, as soon as 
hatched, destroy the foliage. The pupe are 
formed two to six inches under ground, in rude 
earthen eocoons, beneath the trees, and the 
perfect female, late in the autumn or early in 
the spring, crawls up the trunk of the tree (as PEW) 
she is wingless) to deposit her eggs, which hatch fu SAS 
out in the spring into small looping caterpillars, or so-called measuring- 
worms, and in a short. time destroy all the foliage. The remedy to be 
sought, therefore, is something that will prevent the wingless female 
from ascending the tree to lay her eggs. Leaden oil-troughs have been 
used with some success, but if they are used around the trunk itself, 
the oil running over is apt to injure the tree, and it might be safer to 
form a tight inclosure of boards, or a box a foot or more in height, the 
same as that recommended for the elm-tree beetles; only in this instance 
the tin projection, coated with some viscid substance, should be on the 
outer sides of the box, or the oil-troughs themselves could be placed 
around the box on the outside, at some distance from the tin projection. 
This would save any risk of injury to the trunk by leakage or spilling 
of the oil. The tin would also protect the oil from being washed out 
by heavy rains, and at the same time be a second almost impassable 
barrier to the progress of such insects as might be enabled accidentally 
to cross the trough of oil. Muriate of lime is said to be useless in 
destroying these insects. Late fall plowing and the use of hogs are 
highly recommended. A good jarring when the worms are on the tree 
will shake most of them from the branches to the ground. Some, how- 
ever, will remain suspended in the air by a silken thread, which can be 
easily severed by swinging a stick. When all the worms are on the 
ground they may be destroyed by scattering straw over them and set- 
ting fire to it, taking care not to injure the tree itself. 
The cranberry crops in various parts of New Jersey and the New 
England States have been very much injured by the attacks of the lar- 
ve of a small Tortriz or moth, Anchylopera vaccineana, (Packard’s 
Guide,) commonly called the cranberry or fire-worm. The eggs of this 
insect remain all’ winter on the plants, hatching from the 20th of May to 
the Ist of June. The caterpillars feed on the tender- Fig. 50. 
‘growing shoots, drawing the leaves together with their = _ 
webs for shelter, and, concealing themselves within, Ko ; 
they feed upon the foliage. They reach their full size as I 
in about two weeks, when they spin upinalight cocoon = “<Z45)s 
among the leaves or rubbish on the ground. The pupa 
state lasts ten to twelve days, and the moths are nu- 
merous (1n Massachusetts) from June 10 to July 1. A second crop ot 
eggs is laid in August and September, which remain on the plant all 
winter. 
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