86 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
Another caterpillar appears about August 1, (in Massachusetts,) and 
Fig.51. injures the fruit, the berries that are attacked turning pre- 
/ maturely red, which is the first indication of their presence. 
Wy) Most of the larve reach their full size before Septem- 
f ber, and, when fully grown, enter the ground, spinning their 
cocoons within a few inches of the surface, These eocoons 
are covered with sand, and are hardly distinguishable from 
small lumps ot earth. Several caterpillars sent from New 
Jersey, as injuring t&e fruit of the cranberry, resembled 
in habits the above insect, excepting the coccons were ’ 
formed on the surface of the earth, but unfortunately I 
was not able to raise one perfect moth. The only remedy 
recommended is to flood the infested patches, when practi- 
cable, until the worms are destroyed. 
A small caterpillar, the grape-berry moth, Lobesiabotana, (Zeller,) (Pen- 
thina vitivorand of Riley,) was found in large numbers during the last 
Fig. 52. season intesting the grape in Maryland. The larve of 
oy ~<9@3 the first brood are stated by some entomologists to feed 
</ upon the leaves, which they roll up, but this is denied by 
others. At least when the grapes are formed the larva 
bores into them and feeds upon the pulp. When it 
reaches the seeds it eats out the interior, and if one 
B=) grape is not sufficient, it fastens the already ruined grape 
“et 3/ to an adjoining one by means of silken threads, and bur- 
_—c<a) rows into it likewise. Mr. Riley states that the cocoons 
eS 
leaving it hinged on one side, rolling it over, and fastening it to the 
leaf ; but those found in Maryland spun loose cocoons amidst the grapes 
and leaves, or on the surface of theground. There are probably two or 
three broods in one season, and the last brood passes the winter within 
the cocoon either as larve or pupx. A little attention given to the 
grape-vines early in the season, by pulling off all infested grapes and 
destroying them, will be of great utility, as it was observed, in the ex- 
periments made, that, after the first crop of larve had been carefully 
taken off the vines to study their habits, later in the season, scarcely a 
single spotted or infested grape could be found on the same vine, with 
which to continue the experiments. 
The well-known apple codling-moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, (Linn.) has 
been extremely destructive to the apple crop in general by burrowing out 
and destroying the fruit. Many truit-growers have come to the conclu- 
sion that keeping hogs in the orchards to devour 
_ the fallen fruit is the best and surest remedy for 
=< this insect as well as the plum ecureulio. Hay 
, bands or ropes around the trunk and prineipal 
f limbs of the trees have been recommended, as 
they furnish a shelter under which the caterpillars 
will seek refuge when about to ferm their cocoons. 
‘1 Here they can easily be found, and destroyed by 
rubbing the band briskly up and down every tour or five days, so as to 
crush the insects harboring under it. Other orchardists, however 
recommend rags and softer substanees, to be placed in the crotches of 
the branches or around the trunks, &c., as they can be taken off and 
more readily examined for insects than the hay ropes. 
The apple-root plant-louse, Hriosoma (Pemphigus) pyri, (Fitch,) forming 
wart-like excrescences upon the roots of the apple trees, which contain 
in their crevices the insects which suck their juices, is said to be de- 
