had 
MINOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND THEIR SOURCES. Li 
Madia sativa, (Composite Helianthee,) an annual plant from Chili, 
where it has long been cultivated for the oil obtained from the ripened 
seeds, which is used instead of olive oil. It has been introduced and 
cultivated both in France and Germany, and has attracted much notice 
on account of the great percentage of oil contained in the seeds, being 
fully equal to that of therape seed. It does not readily congeal, which 
makes it valuable for lubricating machinery. It is easily cultivated, 
requiring management similar to seed clover, but, owing to the glutin- 
ous nature of the stems and stalks, the seeds require to be thrashed out 
soon after the crop is cut, otherwise fermentation would injure them. 
Tamanu oil.—This is yielded by the seeds of Calopyhllum inophyllun, 
(Clusiacee,) an East Indian tree, growing to a height of 80 to 100 feet. 
This oil is thick, of a dark green color, and strongly scented. Itis used 
for burning, and has great reputation as a liniment for paing of the 
joints and bruises. Tamanu resin is obtained from crevices in the bark 
of this tree. It is a green heavy resin, which subsequently becomes 
dry, brittle, and aromatic. 
Ben ov is procured from the seeds of Moringa pterygosperma, (Morin- 
gacee,) a small tree, seldom reaching over 20 feet in height, a native 
of Northern Africa. The oil is remarkably clear and limpid, has no 
perceptible smell, and is highly valued by watch-makers, who consider 
it one of the very best oils for delicate machinery. It is also sought 
after by perfumers, but is seldom found in commerce. The tree grows 
in Jamaica. The roots are pungent, resembling horse-radish in taste ; 
hence its local name of horse-radish tree. 
Yamadou oil is obtained from the seeds of Virola sebifera, (Myristica- 
cee,) a tree growing 50 to 60 feet high in Guiana, North: Brazil, and as 
far north as Panama, where it is called Malaqueto de montana. The 
seeds are macerated in hot water, and a heavy fatty oil is yielded, which 
is used for candles. An acrid-red juice exudes from wounds in the 
bark, which is used medicinally. ) 
Ram-til oil.—This is expressed from the seeds of Guizotia oleifera, 
(Composite,) an annual plant, native of Abyssinia, but cultivated in the 
East Indies for its oil. It is grown like a wheat crop. The oil is bland 
and sweet, and often used as a condiment, although its principal value 
lies in its adaptability as good lamp-oil. Seeds yield about 34 per cent. 
of oil. 
Patchouli, Pogostemon patchouli, (Labiate,) is a small, shrubby herb, a 
native of Penang and Malacca. ‘The leaves and young tops yield a vol- 
atile oil by distillation, which affords the patchouli, a peculiar perfume, * 
highly prized by some people, while to others the odor is very disagree- 
able. Ill effects, such as nervous attacks and loss of appetite, have 
been ascribed to the constant and excessive use of this perfume. 
Serpolet.—This is a species of camphor oil, distilled from the leaves 
and shoots of the wild thyme, Thymus serpyllum, (Labiate.) It is used 
in perfumery, and in Spain as an aromatic ingredient in olive pickles. 
African palm oil.—Elais Guineensis, the celebrated African oil palm, 
is a native of Western Africa, where it reaches to a height of 25 to 35 
feet. The fruit is borne in dense heads, measuring 18 inches to 2 feet 
in length, and 2 to 3 feet in circumference. The fruit is about 14 inches 
long and 1 inch in diameter. ‘The part yielding the oil is the outer 
fleshy coating of the fruit, but the seed, which is inclosed in a hard 
shell, also affords a fine oil. The common oil is of a buttery consistence 
of an orange-yellow color, and has a very strong penetrating smell. 
That from the kernels has a pleasant odor, when fresh. . The oil is ob- 
tained by boiling the fleshy pericarp of the seeds, and skimming off the 
