186 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
is principally produced in Asiatic Turkey, dia is consumed in large 
quantities by the Turks for chewing, to sweeten the breath and 
strengthen the gums, Iti is also employed for varnishing, and occasion- 
ally in dentistry. 
Cape mastic.—The resin bush of the Cape of-Good Hope, Bur; Yyops 
miultifidus,.( Composite, ) affords a gum from its stem and branches, of a 
yellowish, semi-transparent appearance, which is gathered and used by 
the natives, but is sparingly introduced in commerce. 
Labdanum.—This gum exudes from the leaves and branches of Cistus 
Creticus, ( Cistacee,) a low-growing shrub, native of Crete. The gum 
emits a pleasant balsamic odor, and bas been used as an expectorant. 
Galbanum.—This balsamic gum resin is obtained from Bubon galba- 
num, (Umbelliferw,) a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The name is 
also applied to the resin of Opoidia galbanifera, a Persian umbelliferous 
plant. The resin possesses similar properties, but inferior, to those of 
asafetida. Galbanwm officinale, of the same family, has been so named 
from a supposition of its yielding a resin or gum of this kind. 
Sagapenum gum is produced by Ferula Persica, ( Umbelliferw,) a native 
of Persia, and at one time supposed to be the source of asafeetida. This 
is somewhat similar, but less powerful. 
Hlemi.—This resin is obtained fronr one or more species of Amyris, 
(Amyridacee,) a genus of Indian trees remarkable for their resinous 
products. Indian bdellium, or false myrrh, is obtained from <A. com- 
miphore. This is a gum resin, with properties similar to the myrrh, but 
not so valuable. 
Anime.—The West India locust tree, Zymenea Courbaril, ( Cesalpinie, ) 
known in Panama as algarroba, is a tree of the largest size. The resin 
exudes from the trunk, and large lumps of it are found about the roots 
of old trees. It is so named from its resemblance to the valuable anime 
resin of Africa. 
Gum Arabic is furnished by various species of Acacia, ( Mimosee,) such 
as Acacia verek, A. Arabica, A. vera, A. Adansonii, and others, natives 
of Arabia, Barbary, and the East Indies. It is collected as it exudes 
from the plants in a liquid state. A short exposure to the sun, heat, 
and air, hardens it into a solid mass. It is used as food, in medicine, 
and largely in-the arts and manufactures. 
Gum kino is obtained from Pterocarpus marsupium of India, and P. 
erinaceus of Africa, a genus of Leguminose. These trees are of large 
size, and the gum is obtained by making incisions in the bark, from 
which the juice exudes, and hardens into a brittle mass, easily broken 
into little angular shining fragments of a brightruby color. Itis highly 
astringent, and is used medicinally in diarrhoea. 
Gum guaiacum is obtained from Guatacum officinale, (Zygophyllacee, ) a 
West India tree that furnishes the heavy wood called lignum-vite. The 
resin exudes from the stem, and bardens on the bark; or holes are bored 
in logs of the wood which are placed on a fire, so that when the resin is 
melted it runs through the hole into vessels placed to receive it. Guai 
eum is greenish- brown, with a balsamic fragrance, and is remarkable 
for the changes of color which it undergoes when brought into contact 
with various substances. Gluten gives “it a brown tint; nitric acid and 
chlorine change it successively to green, blue, and brown. The resin, 
as well as the bark and wood, is used medicinally as a stimulant in 
chronic rheumatism and other complaints. 
Clusia is a genus of Clusiacece or Guttifere, chiefly climbing plants 
and shrubs, a few attaining the size of trees, natives of tropical America. 
C. insignis, a Brazilian plant, exudes a considerable quantity of resin 
