MINOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND THEIR souRcES. 187 
from the disk and stamens of the flowers, which is used in medicine. 0. 
alba, C.rosea,and OC. flava,in the West Indies, yield an abundant tenacious 
resin from their stems, which is used for the same purposes as pitch. it 
is first of a green color, but when exposed to the air turns to a brown 
or reddish tint. C. duca yields a resin known in Columbia by the name 
of duca, which is burned for the sake of its pleasant odor. : 
Hog gum.—The hog-gum tree is Moronobea coccinea, ( Clusiacec, ) a lofty 
growing plant, reaching to 90 or 100 feet in height, a native of the 
West Indies and South America. A pellucid juice exudes from incisions 
in the bark, and after a brief exposure hardens into a yellow resin, re- 
sembling Burgundy pitch in appearance. In Jamaica, hogs when 
wounded rub the injured part against the tree, so as to smear them- 
selves with the resin, which possesses vulnerary properties, and hence 
its commen name. ‘The resin has been employed medicinally as a sub- 
stitute for balsam of copaiva, and pitch plasters have been made of it. 
In Guiana and Brazil, where it is termed mani, or oanahi, the natives 
make Jorches with it, and use it to pitch boats. 
Gum sandarac.—This resin is produced by Callitris quadrivalis, (Coni- 
fere,) a medium-sized evergreen tree, native of Barbary. It is used in 
varnishing, and when powdered finely and sifted, and mixed with the 
finely powdered calcareous bone of the cuttle-fish, forms the article of 
' resinous powder known as pounce. The timber of this tree is very 
hard, fragrant, and durable. 
Kuteera gum is obtained from the stem of Cochlospermum gossypium, a 
shrub or small tree found in the Indian peninsula. This gum is often 
used asa substitute for gum tragacanth. The seeds of the plant are 
covered with a cottony down, which is used for stuffing pillows and 
cushions. The gum of Sterculia urens (Sterculiacee) is also known as 
kuteera. Thistree is a native of India; the gum resembles tragacanth 
both in external appearance and in its property of not dissolving in cold 
water, but merely swelling and becoming jelly-like, owing to the pres 
ence of bassorine. 
Succory gum is obtained from Chendrilla juncea, a plant belonging to 
the lettuce family. It is a native of the south of Europe, and furnishes 
@ narcotic gum in limited quantities. 
Carana resin is produced by Bursera acuminata, (Amyridacee,) a 
shrubby West India plant. The juice, which exudes from the bark 
when the tree is wounded, contains a kind of turpentine oil, which rap- 
idly congeals on exposure. Bursera gummifera grows to a tree of large 
size on the island of San Domingo. A whitish, resinous matter flows 
copiously when the bark is pierced, which is much used in making flam- 
beaus,.and is also burned as incense in churches. The wood is used in 
making canoes. 
Churras.—This resin is produced by the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, 
but onlyin very hot, dry climates. It is gathered by men clad inleathern 
dresses, running through the hemp-fields, and brushing through the 
plants rapidly. The resin adheres to the leather, and is subsequently 
scraped off and kneaded into balls. When used in small quantities it 
produces pleasant excitement, which passes into delirium and catalepsy 
if the quantity is increased ; if still further continued, a peculiar form 
of insanity is produced. Many of the Asiatics are passionately addicted 
to this kind of intoxication. 
Gum olibanum is obtained from Boswellia serrata, (Amyridacee,) a tree 
about 40 feetin height, a native of India. The resin is used asa pitch, but 
being hard and brittle, it is boiled with some low-priced oil to render it 
