BEET-SUGAR INDUSTRY. 215 
above analysis, it appears that the pulp yields nearly 50 per cent. This 
is accounted for by the fact that in the process of manufacture the resid- 
uary product has lost a large proportion of its water. The pulp obtained 
from 20 tons of beets would amount to about 72 ewt. yielding about 
21.6 ewt. of solid matter. According to the same authority mangel-wurzel- 
contains but 11 per cent. of solid matter, and a crop of 20 tons would 
yield but 44 ewt. Hence the pulp alone of an acre of sugar beets would 
be nearly equivalent in solid material to a half crop or 10 tons of man- 
gel-wurzel. Dr. Voelcker estimates that in availibility for stock feeding 
a ton of pulp equals 14 tons of sugar beets, or 2 tons of common beets. 
Another English agricultural writer estimates the value of 20 tons of 
sugar beet, as stock feed, as equal to that of 30 tons of mangolds. The 
agricultural branch of the sugar industry has many elements of pros- 
pective profit. The: skill of our manufacturers will keep pace with our 
agricultural production in simplifying, cheapening, and extending the 
processes of extraction. From all present indications no reason appears 
why our beet-sugar production should not at least equal that of Europe, 
if not greatly surpass it. 
THE BEET-SUGAR PROGRESS IN EUROPE. 
Professor Church, of the Royal Agricultural College of England, at a 
late session of the Cirencester Chamber of Agriculture, presented some 
statistics of the beet-sugar interest in Europe. The entire yield of the 
- continent in 1869 was over 611,000 tons from 1,800 sugar manufactories. 
The sugar beet is cultivated from the Atlantic to the Caspian, and 
nearly as far north as the Arctic Circle. One variety sprouts at 44° F., 
and will bear, without injury, a brief exposure to the temperature of 32°. 
The average yield per acre varies in different countries. In Austria it is 
ten tons; in France, twelve; and in Prussia, fourteen. In some Depart- 
ments of France, however, the average is very much greater. An 
agriculturist in the Department of the Seine reports an average of thirty- 
eight tons on his own farm and upon several neighboring farms, A 
German agriculturist, under an improved mode oi culture, claims an 
equalaverage. Experiments in Ireland indicate average crops of sixteen 
to forty tons per acre, with a percentage of saccharine matter as high 
as sixteen. It is probable that England and Ireland are capable of 
growing large crops of the sugar beet with a high percentage of saccha- 
rine matter. In France, during 1869, the entire product of beet-sugar 
manufacture was about 300,000 tons, which, at $125 per ton, or 64 cents 
per pound, amounted to $37,500,000. To this add about $2,500,000 for 
molasses or rough treacle, available for spirit distillation, and the 
saccharine product of the country amounts to $40,000,000 per annum. 
The number of manufactories had increased from twenty-nine in 1827 
to three hundred and thirty-six in 1860, and to six hundred in 1869, 
besides five hundred spirit distilleries. 
Another gentleman stated that in the neighborhood of Douay, a great 
sugar market of France, a ton of beets would yield twenty gallons of 
spirit, and the pulp would pay for the manufacture and the interest on 
the capital. Some land yielded thirty tons per acre, and the beet had 
been grown for fifteen years in succession. The Silesian white beet was 
preferred to the red beet, yielding a greater percentage of sugar. A 
sugar manufactory and distillery, worth about £20,000, would work up 
10,000 tons of beets perannum. Under one system, however, a distillery 
might be erected at a cost not exceeding £1,600. In England this 
_ industry produces twenty tons of beets per acre, and four hundred gal- 
lons of spirits, which at 10s. per gallon would secure a revenue of £200, 
