232 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
white elm; 2,600 English elm; 400 Spanish chestnut, and 500 American 
chestnut. The last five kinds were brought from the Atlantic States. 
They have succeeded so well that he has ordered several thousand, 
which he will plant the coming season. The elms and maples have 
grown four to seven feet this year. Mr. Thomas Edwards, of the same 
county, has set 7,000 locust trees, one-half of which have been set in 
forest form one year, and the other half two years. When planted they 
were two years old from the seeds, and were set in alternate rows eight 
and ten feet apart, respectively. He estimates the probable expense of 
care and cultivation at about $10 per year, and remarks that he expects to 
have, in ten years, fence posts enough from them to fence all his own land, 
and some to sell to his neighbors. Mr. James T. Stratton, of Alameda 
County, has planted fifty-three and one-half acres with 30,000 blue-gum 
trees, (Hucalyptus globulus,) and 13,000 red-gum, (Hucalyptus resinifera.) 
They were grown from seeds gathered in December, 1868, from trees 
only seven years old; and in August of this year were, on an average, 
four and one-half feet high. They were planted eight feet apart each 
way. Mr. Stratton thinks that in seven years they will be large enough 
to afford some income. These trees are natives of Australia, and are of 
rapid growth. The red-gum sometimes grows to the height of one hun- 
dred and fifty to two hundred feet, and yields a valuable resin. A plank 
of the Hucalyptus was exhibited at the great exhibition in 1857, which had 
a length of one hundred and forty-eight feet. The wood, when green, is 
soft and’ easily split, but when dry is very hard. The trees are used 
extensively for piles, flooring, ship-building, and other mechanical 
purposes. 
PROFITS OF CULTURE. . 
Of the profits of culture in this country, estimates can only be given 
at the present early stage of tree-planting.: Sufficient data concerning 
the rate of growth and numbers likely to thrive upon a given area are 
available for a calculation of profits based on present prices. It may be 
proper to give the estimate of a few practical men, from the facts noted 
in their experience and observation. Mr. Joseph L. Budd, of Shellsburg, 
Lowa, says that a grove of ten acres of white ash, (Hraxinus Americana,) 
thinned to six feet apart each way, containing about twelve thousand 
trees, will average at twelve years of age, on good prairie soil, about 
eight inches in diameter. The previous thinnings will pay for cultivat- 
ing to this time. Ten feet of the butt of each tree will be worth for 
mechanical purposes 40 cents, and the remaining tops 10 cents each, mak- 
ing for the twelve thousand butts, $4,800; and ‘for the tops of the same 
$1,200, total $6,000 for the profit of ten acres in twelve years. By cutting 
the stumps close to the ground, and covering them with alight furrow on 
each side, sprouts will spring up which, by } proper pruning, will produce 
in eight years a crop as valuable as the first. He alsoassumes that ten 
acres of the black ash, (raxinus sambucifolia,) planted for hoop poles, in 
rows four feet apart, and one foot in the rows, will yield at the first 
thinning of half the ‘trees at the end of five years, at 3 cents per pole, 
$1,620, which-will pay all the expense of cultivation, and interest on the 
land. The whole remaining crop of 54,000 poles, if cut two years later, 
at 6 cents each, the price of heavy poles, will amount to $3,240. These 
calculations are made from actual experiments, andat a low estimate of 
the value of the crop. Ifthe poles are cut in the winter or early spring, 
the sprouts which grow up, if properly thinned out, will produce a crop 
of light poles at the end of three years, and of heavy ones at the end of 
five years. It will be seen from these estimates that the profit from 
