FOREST CULTURE. Zao 
forest culture is much greater than from wheat, corn, or other farm 
crops. 
The chestnut is of rapid growth, and will thrive on almost any soil. 
Tt will mature a crop of nuts in eight or ten years from planting, and is 
especially valuable for timber. The demand for the nuts in the market 
is almost always greater than thesupply. Those of the American chest- 
- nut are much superior in quality to the Spanish, the French, or the 
Italian variety. Groves of this tree can be planted with profit in a suit- 
able climate where scrub-land is abundant and timber scarce. 
A gentleman of Panora, Guthrie County, Iowa, states that fifteen 
cotton-woods were planted about fifteen years ago. In twelve years he 
eut down eleven of them, from which he obtained five cords of wood. 
Three years after he cut the remaining four, which made two cords of 
wood and seven hundred feet of lumber. The lumber, at 25 cents per 
foot, was worth $17 50. The wood from the fifteen trees, at $4 per cord, 
was worth $28, making a total value of $45 50 for the fifteen trees. 
They covered about one-sixteenth of an acre. At this rate, one acre 
would be worth $728 in about fifteen years. More than two-thirds might 
be cut off at the end of twelve years. 
Mr. H. C. Raymond, of Pottawatomie County, lowa, says that thirty 
cotton-wood trees were planted twelve years ago, being two feet high 
when planted. They will now make over one-third of a cord each. De- 
ducting forty-four trees for vacancies occasioned by dying out, an acre 
will contain about five hundred trees, if planted in rows ten feet apart and 
eight feet in therow. Dry cotton-wood is now worth, in Council Binfis, 
$9 percord. The cost of planting, cultivating, and the interest on one 
acre of land for twelve years will not exceed $100. He estimates that 
at the énd of twelve years the trees will make 167 cords, worth $1,503. 
Deducting $501 for chopping and hauling, at $1 and $2 per cord, respect- 
ively, and $100 for cultivating, we have $902 for the value of the wood 
at the end of twelve years, making a net profit of about $75 for each 
year. 
A maple grove near St. Johnsbury, Vermont, occupies the site of a 
corn fieid of sixty-four years ago. It is a natural growth, has twice 
produced a quantity of valuable wood in thinning, has been used as 
a sugar orchard for six to eight years, and is deemed worth $200 per 
- aere. 
Dr. John A. Warder, of Cincinnati, recently measured a number of 
trees planted twenty years ago in Springfield, Ohio, with the following 
result, the measurement being taken one foot above the ground: Hu- 
ropean larch, 104 inches; paper birch, 104; red cedar, 94; white elm, 
144; white pine, 144; Norway spruce, 14; Austrian pine, 15; ailanthus, 
15; burr cak, 15; silver poplar, 174inches. The following were on culti- 
vated ground: White or paper birch, 14 inches; silver pine, 144; Euro- 
pean larch, 15; deciduous cypress, 20 inches. 
Dr. Warder recommends that the farmers of Ghio plant one-fourth of 
their farms with timber forests. He thinks that the increased product 
of the remainder would fully make up for the loss of the one-fourth, in 
consequence of the benefits of the shelter alone, besides the timber and 
wood produced. He would plant the trees four to six feet apart, that they 
may grow tall, and not need to be trimmed. He thinks that the black lo- 
cust (Gleditschia triacanthos) is a very valuable species for cultivation, on 
account of its rapid growth, firmness, and great durability. He recently 
sold one acre of forest trees of this species, scarcely a tree of which was 
over fifteen years old, for $1,000. The timber was used for paving the 
streets in Cincinnati; and, from experiments which have been made, it 
