THE DAIRY. S17 
In March, 1864, the law was again revised. The new act forbade, 
under stated penalties, sales of milk produced from cows fed upon the 
refuse of distilleries, or any substance deleterious to the quality of the 
milk; it also forbade the sale of milk produced from sick or diseased 
cows; aiso the sale of milk adulterated with water or any foreign sub- 
stauce. City governments were required, and the authorities of towns 
were permitted, to appoint one or more inspectors of milk. Venders of 
milk were required to register with the inspectors their names and places 
of business. In 1868 the law of 1864 was so modified as to limit the 
imposition of penalties to persons selling milk known by them to be 
adulterated. it was soon found that this qualification opened the way 
to constant evasion, and rendered the law to a large extent ineftective. 
In addition to the immunity afforded to willful ignorance, was the diffi- 
culty of proving criminal knowledge. The public very naturally held 
that the crime of ignorance was not less culpable than the guilty knowl- 
edge, and that dealers should be held as responsible for one as for the 
‘other. In the following year, therefore, the distinction was annulled. 
By an act approved April 10, 1869, the sale, or possession with intent to 
sell, of adulterated milk was forbidden, under a penalty of a fine of not 
less than $20 nor more than $100. A similar penalty was imposed upon 
the sale of adulterated milk for manufacture into butter or cheese. 
The following particulars are derived from the reports of Mr. Henry 
Faxon, inspector of milk for the city of Boston, for the period extending 
from March 31, 1869, to March 31, 1871. 
Very few Boston milkmen produce on their own farms the milk which 
they sell. Two sources of supply are relied upon. Many are supplied 
from the stations at the termini of those railroads which bring milk from 
the country. Others live afew miles from the city, and at night go 
through their respective neighborheods and collect a few cans each from 
small farmers. A few milkmen are supplied by largedairies. The quality 
of the milk collected near the city does not differ materially from that 
supplied by the railroads. Both kinds are regarded as good, fresh, 
family milk. Most ef the milk used in Boston, however, is obtained 
through the railroads. The general plan of conducting the milk busi- 
ness on these roads is thus described: 
Milk agents contract twice a year with the farmers for their milk, 
October 1 and April 1, and agree to pay monthly. Miik collectors are 
employed by the ageuts to collect the milk from the farmers’ doors, and 
to deliver it at the door of the milk-car to the agent, who remains on the 
train. Vrom the milk account of his collectors, and the dairy marks on 
the cans, he knows from whom each can of milk came. The milkmen 
receive their supply from the agent upon the arrival of the train at 
the city, paying him once a month. Some of this milk is distributed 
to consumers immediately; the remainder is conveyed direct to the 
stables of the milkmen and is packed in ice until its delivery at an 
early hour in the morning. 
The supply is always equal to the demand, except during portions of 
July, August, and September, when it sometimes fails in part, owing to 
warm weather. 
The milk-cans used for the conveyance and sale of milk by the dealers 
are of two classes, known as large and small cans. The large cans, 
which hold nine quarts and a pint, are in general use by the milk trade 
of Worcester County, and by many of those who collect their milk in 
the towns in the vicinity of Boston. ‘The smail cans, which hold eight 
quarts and one-half pint, are mostly in use on the Fitchburg, Lowell, and 
Eastern railroads. Many of the milkmen engaged in the family trade 
