320 AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 
valued as an auxiliary during winter, giving the cows a good appetite, 
and thus aiding to keep them in good condition. They are especially 
nutritious when fed with meal or other ground food. One hundred 
bushels of turnips are considered a full supply for one animal during 
the winter. In the same season the quantity of brewers’ grains fed to 
each cow in milk-amounts to about six bushels. 
The majority of those who stock heavily with cows purchase city ma- 
nure in addition to that made on the farm. Under a prevailing system 
of liberal dairy management, the land is annually increasing in value, 
and it is estimated that the crop production is now double the yield of 
the same land twenty-five years ago. There are between 3,000 and 4,000 
cows in the two counties, costing, when purchased, from $75 to $100 
each. An estimaie for the entire season puts the average yield per cow 
at eight quarts daily. The average price obtained for the milk at the 
farmer’s door is 54 cents a quart. The gross income from milk ranges 
from $125 to $200 per cow per annum. i 
Supply of milk by railroad.—The following informatien is furnished to 
the Department by Mr. R. Rockwell, of Colebreok, Connecticut: During 
the month of January, 1870, 1,400 quarts of milk per day were sent from 
Colebrook to the city of New York. The farmers received 6 cents per 
quart, delivered at the Winsted depot, distant one hundred and twenty- 
one miles from New York by rail. The freight from Winsted to New 
York was 14 cents per quart, and the commission paid in New York was 
one-half cent per quart. The milk was sold to dealers in that city at 
8 cents per quart. The quantity sent in the early part of June was about 
1,000 quarts per day, delivered at the Winsted depot at 2% cents per 
quart. The average price at that point, for the year ending April 1, | 
1870, was 44 cents per quart. Jor the same period the average receipts 
for the product of each cow of different dairies ranged from $60 to $120. 
Mr. Rockwell’s dairy of 12 cows averaged $116 81 per cow. A cheese 
factory has just been completed at Colebrook, with facilities for manu- 
facturing the milk of about 500 cows. This enterprise will probably 
lessen the quantity of milk sent to New York from Colebrook. 
Ina letter to the Department, dated July 26, 1870, Mr. E.S. Woodford, 
of West Winsted, states that at that depot farmers were then receiving 
34 cents a quart for milk, 
A correspondent of the Department in Berkshire County, Massachu- 
setts, writes that the number of cows in that county has increased, and 
that the sending of milk te market is a profitable business, much more so 
than its manufacture into butter and cheese. Mr. J. Z. Goodrich, of Stock- 
bridge, in the same county, in a letter addressed to the farmers of his 
section, states that during the season of 1869, and even during the sum- 
mer months, milk was carried every day on the Housatonic Railroad 
from Dalton and Pittsfield to New York City, a distance of about one 
hundred and seventy miles. It was brought to the station in the after- 
noon, and delivered in New York the next morning, in good condition, 
and in time to be served to customers before breakiast. The milk train of 
the Housatonic Railroad commenced running October 1, 1567, carrying 
44 cans of 40 quartseach. The number increased to about 230 cans per 
day in 1868, and to 390 in 1869. Mr. Goodrich adds that the demand is 
yearly increasing. {n his opinion the business will improve the farming 
lands of that section more than any other agricultural specialty; and he 
thinks the county ought to raise its milk production to 40,000 quarts 
daily within three years. As an illustration of the tendency of this 
business to enhance the value of land, one farmer on the Housatonic 
Railroad acknowledges that it has already added $3,000 to thé value of 
