STRUCTURE AND DISEASES OF THE HORSE’S FOOT. 357 
may advantageously replace the water. The milk must be fully with- 
drawn, using a silver milking-tube if the teats are sore and the cow 
restive. 
PREVENTION. 
Importation of ruminants and swine from all countries where it exists 
should be allowed only under the restrictions of a week’s quarantine, 
examination by a competent veterinary surgeon, and sponging of the 
skin with a solution of carbolic acid. 
Diseased stock should be carefully secluded, together with infected 
barns, yards, fields, fodder, rugs, buckets, and other utensils. One 
person should be appointed to attend to them, and forbidden to go 
near other stock, and even to cross a road or other place frequented by 
stock, until he has washed his boots with the carbolic-acid solution. 
All other persons and animals should be excluded. Inspectors should 
wash and disinfect on leaving. ; 
Infected roads should be closed for a month at least. In imfected 
countries or districts, all movement of live stock (cattle, sheep, and 
swine) should be prohibited except under a written permit from the 
local authority, who shoujd assure himself of their soundness before 
granting it. 
Railroad-cars, yards, and loading-banks on which diseased stock have 
been should be well washed or scraped, and then thickly sprinkled with 
carbolic acid. 
A similar thorough disinfection of infected buildings, yards, utensils, 
rugs, &c., is equally essential. Manure should be removed, and plowed 
under by horses. 
No new stock should be brought on the same premises until after 
thorough disinfection, nor upon infected fields until one or more months 
after the last sick animal has left. 
While the disease prevails in the same State, or in an adjacent one, 
newly purchased stock should be placed on quarantine, in a separate 
ee or park, with separate attendants, for a fortnight after pur- 
chase. 
.During the prevalence of the disease the milk cannot be safely used, 
Ln young animals it may be given with impunity if it has first been 
oiled. 
STRUCTURE AND DISEASES OF THE HORSE'S FOOT. 
Probably more than $500,000,000 are invested in the horse stock of 
the United States. This value is exceeded only by that of cattle by a 
smail percentage. The average value per animal is not far from $75. 
This low value results, in part, from including in the calculation animals 
of all ages, and all degrees of health and soundness. Without doubt 
oné great cause of this low average value is the wide-spread careless- 
néss that obtains among farmers in regard to breeding. The idea that 
“a, colt is a colt,” leads to entire indifference to the source from which 
it is obtained. Consequently our pastures, highways, and markets ex- 
hibit a large proportion of inferior animals that hardly pay. for the 
raising. Buta very general and powerful influence in the depreciation 
of horse values is found in constitutional and local defects and disabili- 
ties, which are probably exhibited in some form of lameness in eight or 
nine in every ten cases. 
Consideration of the structure of the foot of the horse, of the manner 
