THE FOOD FISHES OF ALASKA. 383 
made by cutting the fish in three slices, after removing the head, leav- 
ing the back-bone in the middle slice, and all three connected by the 
tail. ‘Two or three dry chowichee ukali will weigh at least fifty pounds. 
One of them is accounted sufficient for a day’s food for six men or dogs. 
They cost, from the natives upon the Yukon, one leaf of tobacco each, 
or, when dry, five to eight musket-balls per ukali. The more northern 
the ground where the fish are taken, the finer their flavor, and the cho-. 
wichee of the Yukon were held in such esteem that several hogsheads 
were annually salted for the Emperor’s table by the Russians. 
SALMON. Onchorhynchus lagocephalus, (Pallas,) Gunth.; Russian, Kée- 
zich; Tinneh tribes of the Yukon, Nutglaghih; Innuit of the Kusko- 
quim River, Kakia. 
SALMON. Onchorhynchus proteus, (Palias,) Gunther; Russian, Hoikoh ; 
Yukon Tinneh, Nig laghih; Innuit of the Kuskoquim, Nikniat. 
These two species have the same range as the king salmon, and are 
dried for food in the same way. They are, however, much more common, 
much smaller, and are held in less esteem. They form the bulk of the 
better class of salmon in all the rivers of Alaska. They arrive later 
than the king salmon, remain longer, and travel more rapidly. They 
reach Fort Derabin upon the Yukon abont the 10th of July, and Fort 
Yukon early in August. They weigh from ten to thirty pounds, and 
dry, after cleaning and removing the back-bone, to about two or three 
pounds. They are more slender than the king salmon, and the males 
are furnished in the breeding season with a formidable array of recurved 
teeth, so that the natives are accustomed to knock them on the head 
with a club before attempting to remove them from the nets. 
RED-FISH. Onchorhynchus. sanguinolentus, (Pallas,) Gunther; Russian, 
Krasnoi riba; Yukon ‘Tinneh tribes, Neliyih ; Innuit of the Kusko- 
quim River, Nikeet. 
BLACK SALMON. Salmo purpuratus, Pallas. 
DoG-FISH. Onchorhynchus lycaddon, (Pallas,) Gunther; Yukon Tinneh, 
Nulaghih ; Russian, Korbushka; Innuit of the Kuskoquim River, 
Amakak. 
These species are principally valued for use as dog-feed. They are 
placed in the order of their quality as articles of food. The purpuratus 
is not found north of Aliaska Peninsula. They are all exceedingly com- 
mon, of small size, and appear later than the previously mentioned 
varieties. The red-fish, as its name denotes, is partly of the most bril- 
liant searlet, but its flesh is not so red as that of the king salmon or the 
hoikoh. They arrive in July, and disappear late in August. ‘ 
SALMON TROUT. Salmo alpinus? Linn.; Russian, Kolshéh; Yukon Tin- 
neh tribes, Kholotusih; Ulukuk Tinneh, Kokolimydé; Innuit of the 
Kuskoquim River, Ankliogat. | 
This fish appears much more abundant in the smaller rivers than in 
the larger ones, such as the Kuskoquim and Yukon. They are seldom 
or never found in the lakes, as far as we have been able to ascertain. 
They remain in the rivers during the entire year, and are caught in the 
greatest abundance during the winter months. The Ulukuk River, in 
Northern Alaska, is especially noted for these fish, which are most de- 
licious, far exceeding any other fish of the country in their delicate and 
delightful flavor. They seldom weigh over ten pounds, and average 
two pounds in weight. They are very beautiful in appearance, silvery, 
